134
B. Suggestions
1. For English Teachers
English teachers need various techniques to create enjoyable atmosphere in the classroom to improve students’ speaking skills. Speaking skills include
some aspects, i.e. comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, pronunciation and grammar. Jigsaw technique can be used as one of the solutions to improve
students’ speaking skills in every aspect. However, it is necessary to provide the students with adequate language input before they practice and discuss in groups.
The language input could be in the form of song, story-telling, video, movie, games, etc. To maintain the students’ interest, different actions should be used to
accompany jigsaw technique in presenting each language function or expression. The rewards also need to make the students are motivated to speak.
2. For Material Developers
It has been proved that the use of jigsaw technique could improve students’ speaking ability as well as sustain their interest to practice speaking. It is
a good idea to include jigsaw technique as an activity in the practice or production stage of speaking lessons. However, this technique should be supported by
attractive media in presenting material and interesting accompanies actions to attract the students.
3. For Students of English Education Department
Jigsaw technique can be used as fun activities when they practice teaching speaking skills in micro teaching or PPL. It can be combined with other actions to
135
make the students are motivated to speak up. The jigsaw technique may be adapted for any topics or language functions.
4. For Other Researchers
The jigsaw technique in cooperative learning is still rarely conducted in English speaking classroom, especially in vocational school. The result of this
research can help the other researchers who want to conduct a comparative research or advanced research. Besides saying that this research can still be an
additional reference, however, the researcher also admit that there are some weaknesses in this research. Firstly, jigsaw technique needs long time duration in
every meeting. So, the other researchers who want to conduct this technique are expected to manage time well before applying it. Secondly, this technique needs a
lot of learning material. Therefore, it is suggested to other researchers to prepare the learning material with considering time and the number of groups in certain
classroom. Thirdly, because jigsaw technique is applied in groups, the other factors like motivation, environment condition, and psychological condition of
students also give an effect towards the running teaching learning process.
136
REFERENCES
Borich, G.D. 2007. Effective Teaching Methods Research-Based Practice. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Columbus, Ohio: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
Broughton, G., C.Brumfit., R.Flavell, P.Hill. A.Pincas.1980. Teaching English as Foreign Language. 2
nd
ed. New York: Routledge. Brown, G. and G.Yule. 1989. Teaching the Spoken Language : Approach Based
on the Analysis of Conversational English. Port Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, H.D.. 2001. Teaching by Priciples An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
Burkart, G.S. 1998. Spoken language: What it is and how to teach it. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Burns, A. 1999. Collaborative Actions Research for English Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
________. 2010. Doing Action Research in English Language Teaching A Guide for Practitioners. New York: Routledge.
Chaney, A.L., and T.L. Burk. 1998. Teaching Oral Communication in Grades K- 8. Boston: AllynBacon.
Cooper, J. L. Robinson, P. 2000. New Directions for Teaching and Learning: The Argument for Making Large Classes Seem Small. San Fransisco: Jossey-
Bass Publishers. Dycus, D. 1996. The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. II, No. 2, February 1996:
Making Jigsaw Activities Using Newspaper Articles. http:www.iteslj.org. Harmer, J. 1998. How to Teach English. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd.
_______. 2001. The Practice of English Language Teaching. 3
rd
ed. Cambridge, UK: Pearson Education.
Johnson, K. 2008. An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching. 2
nd
ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Khameis, M. 2006. Using Creative Strategies to Promote Students’ Speaking
Skills. Skripsi S1. Education Degree from Fujairah Woman’s College.
136
137
Koshy, V. 2005. Action Research for Improving Practice A Practical Guide. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.
Larsen-Freeman, D. 2000. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. 2
nd
ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Linse, T. C. 2005. Practical English Language Teaching to Young Learners. New
York: McGraw Hill Inc. Mayer, R.E. P.A.Alexander. 2011. Handbook of Research on Learning and
Instruction. New York: Routledge. McDonough, J.and S.Christoper. 2003. Materials and Methods in ELT. 2
nd
ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Nunan, D. 1999. Second Language Teaching and Learning. Boston: Heinle Heinle Publishers.
_______. 2003. Practical English Language Teaching. New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Nurkasih, S. 2010. Improving Students’ Speaking Skill through Communicative
Group Technique A Classroom Action Research at SMP Negeri 1 Bojonegoro. Skripsi S1. Surakarta: Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa
Inggris, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Orlich, D.C., R.J.Harder, R.C.Callahan, M.S.Trevisan, A.H.Brown. 2007. Teaching Strategies A Guide to Effective Instruction. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin Company. Richards, J. C. and Rodgers, T. S. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language
Teaching 2
nd
Edition. New York: Cambridge University Press. Richards, J.C. 2008. Teaching Listening and Speaking From Theory to Practice.
New York: Cambridge University Press. Richards, J.C. and Renandya, W.A. 2002. Methodology in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Riddle, D. 2003. Teach Yourself: Teaching English as a Foreign Language.
Chicago: McGraw Hill Companies. Slavin, R.E. 1995. Cooperative Learning: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2
nd
ed. Boston: AllynBacon.
Westwood, P. 2008. What Teachers Need to Know about Teaching Methods. Camberwell Victoria: ACER Press.
138
Widdowson, H.G. 1978. Teaching Language as Communication. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wulandari, D. 2009. Improving Students’ Speaking Skill by Using Jigsaw A Classroom Action Research at The 8th Year of SMP N 2 Pracimantoro.
Skripsi S1. School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
APPENDIX A
COURSE GRID
139
COURSE GRID Cycle 1
Basic Competency Indicators
Materials Activities
Functions Key
Structure Vocabulary
Examples of the Expressions
1.3 Mendeskripsikan benda-benda,
orang, ciri-ciri, waktu, hari, bulan,
dan tahun
The students are able to:
1. Use cardinal ordinal
number appropriately in context.
2. Arrange words