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i. Internal Change in Cockney and Bahasa Binan
O’Grady, et al. 2010 claim that internal change always deals with the process of changing the part of a word to indicate the grammar contrast. One of
the cases of internal change in English is depicted in the word “sing,” which turns into “sang” when indicating the past tense. The writer found that there were no
differences in terms of grammar rules in Cockney and English. In other words, it could be said that the speakers of Cockney basically used English grammar when
they spoke. The difference only laid on the vocabulary usage as the speakers of Cockney often employed English words with some modifications in morphology
and meanings for the sake of avoiding the lay people to understand the conveyed messages. Therefore, the speakers of Cockney would still say “She swam in
‘apenny dip” to convey “She swam in a ship.” Besides the case of internal change that dealt with grammar, the writer
also found the case of internal change that happened internally within words in Cockney. This phenomenon was seen in the word “lost and found,” which meant
“pound” in English. The word “lost and found” in fact performed the process of internal change to indicate the contrast from the word “lose and find,” which in
fact did not convey any meanings in Cockney.” The writer found that the case of internal change in Bahasa Binan
happened differently from the case of internal change in Cockney as Bahasa Binan based its grammar on the grammar of Bahasa Indonesia. According to
Parera 2007, the internal change in Bahasa Indonesia does not happen in the middle of the words but it instead happens in the final part of the words as it is
98 seen in pemuda-pemudi, and saudara-saudari. It was also found that the purpose
of employing internal change in English was to indicate grammar contrast while the purpose of employing internal change in Bahasa Indonesia was to indicate
gender contrast. As Bahasa Binan used the grammar of Bahasa Indonesia, the case of
internal change in Bahasa Binan then followed the nature of internal change in Bahasa Indonesia. The writer found that some of the affixation processes in
Bahasa Binan could also be designated as the process of internal change, namely - ong variation, -es variation, and -i variation. Table 4.17 describes the occurrence
of internal change phenomenon happening in Bahasa Binan.
Table 4.17: Internal Change in Bahasa Binan
Word Origin
Process Meaning
bebong babi
affixation -e- and -ong pig
beyes bayar
affixation -e- and -es pay
kenti kontol
affixation -e- and -i dick
The words bebong, beyes, and kenti were some words representing the - ong variation, -es variation, and -i variation. It was seen that actually those four
words came from the words babi, bayar, and kontol in Bahasa Indonesia. The writer believed that any words employing the -ong variation, the -es variation, and
the -i variation actually performed the process of internal change as there was always a change of the second letters in the base words into “e.” Therefore, it was
seen that the letter “a” in the word babi was turned into vowel “e” in the word
99 bebong. The same case also happened to the word beyes and kenti in which the
letter “a” in the word bayar and the letter “o” in the word kontol turned into “e.” The writer saw that the purpose of employing the internal change in
Bahasa Binan was different from the purpose of internal change in Bahasa Binan. In fact, the speakers of Bahasa Indonesia employed the internal change in order to
elicit gender contrast while the speakers of Bahasa Binan employed the internal change to words in order to avoid the lay people to understand the speech. The
justification of this idea was seen in the words tenterong and tenteres, which were derived from the word tentara, which meant “soldier.” In fact, the words
tenterong and tenteres were changed not to indicate the gender contrast or grammar contrast but it was solely done as an effort of the speakers of Bahasa
Binan to avoid the lay people to know the conveyed messages as well as to elicit the sense of belonging of the language. This fact was in par with a statement of
Boellstorff 2004 who claims Bahasa Binan as a register belonging, which is used to embrace the speakers of Bahasa Binan.
j. Suppletion in Cockney and Bahasa Binan
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