121 those respective words shared the same sense of meaning, the speakers of Bahasa
Binan then adapted the word garukan to refer to the word “the raid.”
c. Broadening in Cockney and Bahasa Binan
Akmajian, et al. 2001 define the process of broadening as the process to widen the function of the words. In other words, it can be said that the meanings
of words would be broadened so that they do not solely denote specific meanings. One word to exemplify this concept in English is the word “cool,” which was
previously used to merely describe the pleasant music. However, nowadays the speakers of English often use the word “cool” in other contexts such as to convey
a great situation or a pleasant situation. The same process of word modification also happens in Bahasa Indonesia.
Some popular broadenings in Bahasa Indonesia are the words Pak and Bu, which are clipped from the word Bapak and Ibu. In the past, the words Pak and Bu were
used to address parents. However, recently the speakers of Bahasa Indonesia use the word Pak and Bu to address anybody that is being honored or older than the
speakers, such as teachers or even strangers. Since the discussion of broadening really deals with the cultural context,
the writer found it hard to analyze the phenomenon of broadening in Cockney and Bahasa Binan. Therefore, the writer could not find any case of broadening either
in Cockney or Bahasa Binan. However, the writer believed that the case of broadenings in the daily conversation of Cockney and Bahasa Binan must have
existed. This conclusion was drawn by considering the phenomenon of broadening that basically existed in English and Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, the
122 case broadening must have also happened in Cockney and Bahasa Binan as they
were the language variations of the source languages.
d. Narrowing in Cockney and Bahasa Binan
Akmajian, et al. 2001 define narrowing as the process of word modification in which the meanings of words are narrower than the previous
meanings. Narrowing is actually one of the processes of word modification that prevalently happens in any languages. The occurrence of narrowing in English
appears in the word “meat,” which was previously used to describe any edible things Akmajian, et al., 2001. The same case also happens to the word sarjana
in Bahasa Indonesia. The word “sarjana” was in fact used to describe all the people who were considered intelligent. However, nowadays the speakers of
Bahasa Indonesia often use it to refer to the people that have attained the bachelor degree in the university.
The writer believed that the phenomenon of narrowing must have also happened in Cockney and Bahasa Binan. This assumption was drawn because
actually the case of narrowing happened in English and Bahasa Binan, the source languages of Cockney and Bahasa Binan. However, due to the limitation of media
and source of information, the writer did not find any words that are described as narrowing words in the dictionary of Cockney and Bahasa Binan.
e. Semantic Drift in Cockney and Bahasa Binan
