40
c. -es Variation
According to Oetomo 2001, the variation of -es is actually the variation that shares the same rules to -ong variation. The speakers of the language are only
required to change the last syllable of the base words with -es and change the letters of the previous said syllable with the letter “e.” Therefore, it allows the speakers to
have lekes and hemes instead of lekong and hemong.
d. -i Variation
According to Oetomo 2001, the -i variation does not allow the speakers to add the affix -i to all base words. It instead only happens to some selected words in
Bahasa Indonesia. Some Bahasa Binan words that employ the -i variation are kenti and penti. Oetomo 2001 says that in order to form words through the -i variation,
the speakers are required to select words and employ the addition of -i to the final syllables and change the letters of the first syllables of the base words with the letter
“e.” Therefore, the speakers could form the words kenti and penti to mean kontol or “dick” and pantat or “ass.”
e. -in- variation
Oetomo 2001 explains that this variation is different from the previous variations in which the process is merely adding the affixes to the last syllable of the
base words. This variation in fact allows the speaker to have the insertion of the infix -in- within the base words. The process of word formation through this variation
requires the speakers to add the infix -in- to the consonant of every syllable in the base words Oetomo, 2001. Oetomo 2001 then adds that since the words become
41 longer, the speakers often delete the two last syllables in the words. Some of the
words with –in- variation are binul and lines, which are derived from the word bule, which means “foreigner” and lesbi, which means “lesbian.”
f. -se Variation
According to Oetomo 2001, the rules of this variation are actually the same with the rules of the first variation. In other words it can be said that this variation
also requires the speakers to delete the last syllables or the letters of the base words and substitute the syllables or the letters with -se. Therefore, this variation allows the
speakers to form the word homse simply by deleting the last letter “o” in the word homo and substitute it with se-. Oetomo 2001 furthermore adds that many times this
variation is blended with the words that have been undergoing the process of addition -ong and -es as this appears in the word derse. The word derse actually comes from
Bahasa Indonesia’s word dorong, which means “to push.” However, before it comes to the addition of -se, it instead undergoes the process of addition of -ong or -es that
allows the speakers to change the vowels of the first syllable to the base words so that the word turns into derong or deres before it comes to derse.
g. Free Mixing
This variation is believed to be the last variation of Bahasa Binan as well as the most complicated variation to be analyzed. According to Oetomo 2001, this
variation initially comes from Medan before it actually spreads to all areas of Indonesia. Oetomo 2001 says that this variation requires the speakers to only find
the existing words that share the same rhyme in the first syllable with the intended
42 words in Bahasa Indonesia. Some of the examples of the free mixing words are
endang and tinta, which are used to mean enak, which means “delicious,” and tidak, which means “no.”
Another thing that needs to be discussed in relation to Bahasa Binan might be Bahasa Gaul since both of them sound alike and employ some similar words.
Although they share many similarities, they are actually different in terms of the interlocutors. Bahasa Gaul is actually developed after Bahasa Binan is prominently
used by many people. As it is cited from the work of Oetomo 2001 and Boellstorff 2004, Bahasa Gaul is Bahasa Binan that is used by the lay people other than
transvestite and transgender in Indonesia after the emergence of Bahasa Binan. Therefore, it can be concluded that Bahasa Gaul is a variation of Bahasa Binan that
is widely used by the lay people that have already been influenced by the primary dissemination of Bahasa Binan through broadcasting media.
B. Theoretical Framework
This part aims to lead the discussion to the systematical order in answering the research question. This part is also used to help the readers see the main line of
this study in using the theories presented in the theoretical description. This study aims to answer the research question “how do the processes of word formation
happen in Cockney and Bahasa Binan?” In answering the research question, the writer bases the study mostly on the theories on word formation, Cockney, and
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