writing journals and interviewing students after conducting the actions. The research participants were objective in collecting the data.
4. Catalytic Validity
It relates to the extent to which the research allows participants to deepen their understanding of the social realities of the context and how they can make change
within it Burns, 1999:162. In this validity, it is important to get the participants‘ responses to the changes occurring to themselves.
To fulfill this validity, I allowed each person involved in this research study to learn and gain more insights from the research processes. I encouraged all
research participants to express their opinions about the changes we had experienced. Take, for examples, as a teacher, I felt that he could improve his
ability to use appropriate techniques to teach students; I could fully understand the roles of teacher in the class such as facilitator, helper, feedback provider, and
motivator; I could realize that developing students‘ positive attitudes toward teaching and learning processes were important to reach the successful learning. I
also asked students for sharing their improvements after doing the actions and their problems related to learning processes. This validity was done from the
reconnaissance, plans, actions and observation, and also reflections.
5. Dialogic Validity
It parallels the processes of peer interview which are commonly used in the academic research Burns, 1999:162. It is done to monitor the quality of the
research by peer interview that is commonly done through dialogue with all research team participants.
In the dialogic validity, I involved the English teachers of the grade VIII.2 SMPN 8 Yogyakarta to ask for criticisms and suggestions. Besides, I involved all the
participants to discuss everything related to the research study. In this case, the collaborators and I discussed the points of views, opinions, ideas or comments
related to the research study so that the corrections to what had been argued can be objective and the subjectivity can be prevented. I also let the collaborators
check the data that had been collected. Triangulation was applied to validate the findings because triangulation serves to
clarify meaning by identifying different ways to phenomenon being seen Denzim and Lincoln, 1994:1. Triangulation is considered a process of using multiple
perceptions to clarify meaning, clarify the repeatability of an observation on interpretation Denzim and Lincoln, 1994:24
Burns 1999:164 proposed four types of triangulation. They are time triangulation, investigator triangulation, space triangulation, and theoretical
triangulation. Nevertheless, only time triangulation and investigator triangulation were used to validate the data in this research. They were as follows:
1. Time Triangulation
