‘Nevertheless, however, despite’ relators ‘Both and’ paratactic relator

This one is from a village trial and the speaker is arguing that to participate in the village communal rituals is not a government requirement. The judgessecretaries admit that there is no legal obligation to participate and the speaker defendant ties his answer to that saying ‘in that case, if that is the case’. He is addressing the whole village. 18.239 u-ntuk hin-na that-ADVZR COP-NFNT1 raŋ tɕhøttsen khajet khur-la dʑuk. TE18 2SG rel.things plural carry-DAT run[IMP] ‘If that is the case, take all religious things with you and get out’ Or: ‘That being the case…’ The conditional clause, which is underlined, relates to preceding sentences where the great lama refuses the reward the king is offering him for his services. The result is the main clause which is very impolite and stern. Speaker is the offended king.

18.12.3 ‘Nevertheless, however, despite’ relators

18.240 d ʑʏt-la jøp-p-e ʈoo-ki giwa toŋ-a descendent-DAT EXIST-NMLZ;Q-GEN tradition-GEN giwa send;VBZR-NMLZ;Q ta toŋ go-ken bet. EMPHP send;VBZR have.to-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ni hin-na ak u-la giwa t ɕhi-tɕuŋ toŋ-e hak COP-NFNT1 INCLN that-DAT giwa large-small send-NMLZ;Q-GEN right u-ki khim-ki dakpu di- la ak juŋ-ken bet. TE52 that-GEN house-GEN owner DEF-DAT INCLN come-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘They must perform the traditional post mortem rites which the tribe has. Nevertheless the owner of the house has the right to perform either cheap or expensive giwa.’ This example is from a text which describes various local traditions. The giwa rites must be performed for the wife who comes from another clan. It is the kinsmen of the wife who decide it. However the husband can decide how much money he spends on it. ‘Nevertheless, yet’ or ‘however’ is the proper translation of this concessive non-final clause which ties it to the preceding sentence.

18.12.4 ‘Both and’ paratactic relator

The next example illustrates ‘both...and’ paratactic relation. The first clause is adverbial with conditional reading, the second and the third are paratactic clauses. The concessive clause modifies the finite verb. 18.241 p ʏn tɕik apitaa-la soŋ-na ni u-ki ʈhik-la giwa sister INDF barren-DAT become-NFNT1 DM that-GEN about-DAT post.mortem toŋ-tɕe-ma jøt jaŋ dʑu tɕalak send;VBZR-SBJV-F2 EXIST.EXP CONTR2 property things dakpu t ɕhit-tɕe-ma jøt-na ak u-ki hak di owner do;VBZR-SBJV-F2 EXIST.EXP-NFNT1 INCLN that-GEN right DEF u-ki p ʏn di-la juŋ-ken bet. TE52 that-GEN sisterbrother DEF-DAT come-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘If someone’s married sister has become childless, then in fact both the obligation to perform post mortem rites for her and the right to own her kitchen utensils go to her siblings.’

18.12.5 ‘Whether one does or one doesn’t’ paratactic relator