Non-final means–result relation Non-final manner relation

18.10.2 Non-final means–result relation

So far the examples of serial chaining have been temporal sequences. Lhomi also has often an overlay of means–result relation in serial chaining. The following examples illustrate same-subject serial chaining. 18.167 khim-la ɕuu-na jari house-DAT enter-NFNT1 some nuk=raŋ ʈhoo-na se toŋ-ken bet. TE34 that.way=FOC take.by.force-NFNT1 eat IMMED-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘Entering houses they forcefully take food just like that and eat.’ In this story a group of bad characters used to harass and exploit the whole village. There are two medial clauses marked by the suffix -na and the final clause with appropriate finite markers. The relation is not purely temporal sequence but it has an overlay of means–result relation. The following formula illustrates this serial chaining: CL-na CL-na CL-final 18.168 phin-ni hassøt tsajinpur-ni polis tøn-na go.come[PST]-NFNT2 VIP tsainpur-ABL police take.out-NFNT1 u-ni jal-la ʈhik-na phim-pa bet. TE34 that-ABL up.there-DAT bring-NFNT1 go.come[PST]-NMLZ;Q AUX ‘After the relatives had gone to Chainpur, they took some policemen from the police station, brought them, and went up to the village.’ This example is another same-subject serial chain but there is also some overlay of means–result relation.The relatives of the victims subject sued those who had killed their kin and went to get the police and brought the police to the crime scene. They could not go to the village on their own but only by means of taking the police with them. The following summary illustrates the current example: CL-ni sentence relator CL-na medial CL-na medial CL- pa bet final

18.10.3 Non-final manner relation

The next examples illustrate how a same-subject serial clause may have an overlay of manner relation. The antecedent of this manner clause is the whole section of the story preceding this clause. In other words this is a summary statement of what has preceded. 18.169 hi-ntuk t ɕhi-na luŋp-e mi khajet this-ADVZR do;VBZR-NFNT1 area-GEN man plural mi-tsi pik-ken bet. TE36 man-life conduct-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘Doing this way the men of our area conduct their lives.’ Or: ‘In this manner the people of our area conduct their lives.’ The next example gives an interrogative manner clause, ‘what manner’ or ‘in what way doing’ or ‘how’. 18.170 khit khajet kha-ntuk t ɕhi-na 2PL plural what-ADVZR do;VBZR-NFNT1 t ɕhi-jaa-la thøŋ-ken? TE46 great-COMP2-DAT turn.out-NMLZ;CONJ.Q ‘In what way will you become succesful?’ Or: ‘In what manner are you going to prosper?’ 18.171 hi-ni hassøt u-ni mal-la da thaŋ ɕu thaŋ this-ABL VIP that-ABL down.there-DAT arrow and bow and khur-na phim-pa bet. TE17 carry-NFNT1 go.come[PST]-NMLZ;Q AUX ‘Then he went carrying arrows and a bow.’ He was carrying all the time his weapons while he went. Time overlaps completely. This is also a good example of the manner relationship. He was fully armed while he was going.

18.10.4 Completive aspect in serial chaining