Numerals marking plural of count nouns
3.6.4 Numerals marking plural of count nouns
Just like any quantifier, a cardinal numeral may mark the plurality of a noun or a NP. The following examples illustrate this. 3.89 ma ʈar dʑapa sum ʈhʏt-na khur-a bet si-kuk TE7 car hundred three drag-NFNT1 carry-NMLZ;Q AUX say-PROG;VIS ‘They say, “It dragged along three hundred cars.”’ This is about the flooding of Arun river. 3.90 phøt-ni mal-la tsho lhaa-ni naata ŋ-ki go-ni mal-la Tibet-ABL down-DAT lake overflow-NFNT2 Naatang-GEN head-ABL down-DAT d ʑami toŋʈak tɕik ʈhʏt-na khur-a bet si-kuk. TE7 Chinese thousand one drag-NFNT1 carry-NMLZ;Q AUX say-PROG;VIS They say, “After a lake in Tibet had overflown flood it came down via Naatang village and it dragged along one thousand Chinese men.”’ 3.91 wa kheta sum t ɕhuŋ-soŋ=o. TE9 MIR load three become-PST.VIS=NEW.INF ‘Wow, the buck wheat harvest turned out to be three loads.’ For more examples with numerals modifying count nouns see sections 4.1–4.3. Table 3.26. Plural markings on count nouns, personal pronouns, demonstratives, and NPs Morpheme tags N or NP Gloss 1PL.EXCL ŋit ‘we, us’ 1PL.EXCL-PL1 ŋis-so ‘we, us assoc. persons’ 1PL.EXCL-self-PL1 ŋit-raŋ-so ‘we ourselves assoc. persons’ 1PL.INCL-self hatɕa-raŋ ‘we ourselves’ 1PL.INCL-self-PL1 hatɕa-raŋ-so ‘we ourselves assoc. persons’ 1PL.INCL-self Quant hatɕa-raŋ khajet ‘we ourselves’ 2PL khit ‘you’ 2PL Quant khit khajet ‘you more than just few’ 2PL-PL1 khis-so ‘you assoc.’ 2PL-self-PL1 khit- raŋ-so ‘you yourselves assoc.’ 2PL-self-PL1 Quant khit- raŋ-so khajet ‘you yourselves assoc., more than just few’ 3SG-PL1 roo-so ‘they assoc.’ 3SG-PL1 Quant roo-so khajet ‘they assoc, more than just few’ 3SG-self-PL1 roo- raŋ-so ‘they themselves assoc’ 3SG-self-PL1 Quant roo- raŋ-so khajet ‘they themselves assoc, more than just few’ 3PL khopa ‘they’ 3PL-PL1 khopa-so ‘they assoc.’ this-PL2 hi-pa ‘these, they’ that-PL2 u-pa ‘those, they’ this-PL2 Quant hi-pa khajet ‘these more than just few’ that-PL2 Quant u-pa khajet ‘those more than just few’ N DEF-PL2 mi di-pa ‘men identified as participants on stage’ N Quant mi khajet ‘men generic’ N Quant DEF mi khajet di ‘men identified as participants on stage’ N Quant mi kurik ‘all men’ N Quant Quant mi khajet kurik ‘all men all inclusive’ N Quant mi tshetmit ‘innumerable number of men’ N Quant khim døntøt ‘a lot of houses’ N Quant phitsa thamtɕet ‘all children all inclusive’ N Quant simtɕen gak ‘many wild animals’ N Quant dawa gatɕen ‘many months’ NP Quant mi tɕhijaa khajet ‘influential or powerful men’3.6.5 Quantifiers modifying mass nouns
Parts
» Human classifier -pa, HUM1 Human classifier -paa, HUM2
» Marking plural in noun stems, PL1
» Marking plural in noun stems, NPs, and demonstratives
» Quantifiers marking plural of count nouns
» Numerals marking plural of count nouns
» Quantifiers modifying mass nouns
» baalik rii rii hat Cardinal numerals
» Marking the group of participants on numerals
» Ordinal numerals Partitive numerals
» Demonstratives as free pronouns
» Distal remote spatial demonstratives
» Indefinite spatial demonstratives Ablative marked demonstratives marking temporal linkage
» The ablative case The instrumental case
» The locative case The inessive case
» The allative case sillcdd 34.
» The vocative case sillcdd 34.
» Postpositions with genitive complements
» Postpositions with absolutive complements Postpositions with comitative complements
» Traces of grammatical gender in adjectives
» Derivational operators that produce adjectives from nouns, postpositions, and adverbs
» Derivational operators that produce adjectives from verbs
» Manner adverbs modifying the following verb
» Expressive manner adverbs Manner clauses modifying the finite verb
» Nominalized manner clauses as complements of a noun or NP More generic manner adverbs
» Specific time Adverbs of time
» Relative time Adverbs of time
» Adverbs that modify a NP or a whole clause Reversed conditional and emphatic adverbs
» Epistemic adverbs Adverbs of intensity
» Imparting new information Clitics
» Speaker’s embarassment and frustration
» Disclaimer or ‘hearsay’ particle Mirative particle
» Determination particle Speaker’s corrective particle
» Speaker’s rectifying particle Hearer’s agreement particles
» Confirmation Speaker’s compassionate attitude
» Speaker’s acceptance or call for acceptance
» Speaker’s call for attention
» Speaker’s emphatic call for attention
» Speaker’s response or call for response
» Morphophonemic vowel changes in verb roots
» Semantically empty grammatical heads
» Phonological and morphological note about negative prefixes
» Negated existential copulas Negated equative copular verbs
» Backward spreading of negation Double negation
» Conjunctdisjunct agreement patterns In bi-transitive verbs
» An alternative way to analyze conjunct marker -ken
» Speakerhearer’s direct experience with the action or the event of a finite verb, which is
» Speaker’s inference based on visual results of an event
» Speakerhearer’s direct sensory observation of the event of a finite verb marked by -
» Speakerhearer’s direct sensory observation of the process of a finite verb marked by -kuk
» Speakerhearers direct sensory observation marked in existential copulas
» Speaker’s inference from circumstantial evidence
» Speakerhearer’s assumed evidential based on general knowledge
» Speaker’s source of information is direct speech, quotative
» Speaker’s source of information is “hearsay”
» roo uko- Intransitive clause
» Possessive copular clause Descriptive copular clause Locational copular clause
» Evidentials Judgements Epistemic modality
» Abilitive ‘be able to’ Modal verb ‘attempt to’
» Abilitive ‘know how’ Modal attitude verbs
» Modal verb ‘want todesire to’
» Aspectual verbs marking inception
» Aspectual verb marking initiation Aspectual verb marking completion
» Clauses which have lexically empty verb heads and no nominal argument Verb nominalizers
» Prenominal relative clause with external head
» Headless relative clause Relative clauses
» Internally headed relative clause Non-restrictive relative clause
» Subject relative clause in finite position Object relative clause in finite position
» Correlative clauses Relative clauses
» Simple question Alternative questions affirmative–affirmative
» Alternative questions affirmative–negated Content questions
» Tag questions Interrogative clausesentence
» Punctiliar imperative Honorific imperative
» Speaker centered imperative Imperatives
» Honorific precative Hortative Emphatic hortative
» Non-proximate non-immediative imperative sillcdd 34.
» Pronouncing a curse or a blessing
» Subordinate purpose clause Adverbial clauses
» Subordinate conditional clause Adverbial clauses
» Subordinate concessive clause Adverbial clauses
» Subordinate substitutive clause Subordinate simultaneous clause
» Subordinate reason clause marked by t
» Subordinate reason clause marked by NMLZ -pa and DAT case
» Subordinate temporal end point Subordinate temporal onset point
» Subordinate additive clause Adverbial clauses
» Non-final temporal sequence Serial verb constructions
» Non-final means–result relation Non-final manner relation
» Completive aspect in serial chaining
» Benefactive construction Serial verb constructions
» Serial chaining and imperative finite verb Negation with shared subject
» Complementizer =tu Complement clauses
» Complementizer -ri Complement clauses
» Complementizer -lu Complementizer - Complement clauses
» Complementizer -le Complementizer -ro
» Complementizer -t Complement clauses
» Complementizer -ken Complement clauses
» Complementizer -pa with PCU matrix verbs
» Complementizer -pa with the matrix verb nø Double embedding complementations
» ‘Therefore’ relator ‘If that is the case’ sentence relator
» ‘Nevertheless, however, despite’ relators ‘Both and’ paratactic relator
» Exception sentence relator ma di
» Exception sentence relator Sentence relators
» ‘Tail-head’ sentence relator Groundsreason sentence relator
» Contrastive relation in paired clauses
» Exception contrast Co-ranking structures
» Elaboration, paraphrase, amplification, exemplification, and frustration
» DM marking a non-finite clause
» DM marking a NP and other syntactic units
» hassøt marking a prominent participant in a narrative
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