Quantifiers modifying mass nouns
3.6.5 Quantifiers modifying mass nouns
Mass nouns like water, milk, beer, liquor, rain, flood, snow, money, medicine, work, etc. obviously do not have plural. Quantifiers modify them and communicate the quantity of the head noun. There are some quantifiers which collocate both with count nouns and mass nouns. The following examples illustrate the use of quantifiers with mass nouns. Quantifier døntøt ‘much’ with mass nouns 1. 3.92 ni roo- raŋ naŋtsaŋ di-la ak 3SG-self wife DEF-DAT INCLN t ɕha thaŋ arak døntøt bin-soŋ. TE42 tea and liquor much give[PST]-PST.VIS ‘He gave also to his wife a lot of tea and liquor.’ This quantifier collocates also with count nouns. Quantifier gat ɕen ‘a lot’ with mass nouns 2. 3.93 men gat ɕen se-ni medicine a.lot eat-NFNT2 ni hi-ni att ɕet tɕuŋ-tu ɕum-tɕuŋ. TE42 DM this-ABL little.bit small-COMP1 become.well-PST.EXP ‘After I had taken a lot of medicine the growth became a little bit smaller.’ Quantifier gak ‘a lot’ with mass nouns 3. 3.94 pajisak gak lin ɖo-ken bet. money a.lot take go-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘He is going to charge a lot of money.’ Quantifier att ɕet ‘a little bit’ with mass nouns 4. 3.95 ni u-ki khaa di ʈhʏ-na sa attɕet attɕet daa ni that-GEN snow DEF dig-NFNT1 ground little.bit little.bit lick[PST] DM khaa att ɕet attɕet daa tɕhi-na det snow little.bit little.bit lick[PST] do;VBZR-NFNT1 stay toŋ-ken bet. TE9 IMMED-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘It digs through snow, licks a bit of soil, licks a bit of snow, and in so doing stays there.’ When snow covers a yak all over it is not bothered. It can remain under snow for a week or two. Numeral t ɕik ‘one’ with mass nouns 5. 3 .96 aku passaŋ ritak-la arak tɕik bin. TE4 uncle Passang Ritak-DAT liquor one give[IMP] ‘Give uncle Passang Ritak a cup of liquor’ In this particular context of a party everybody knows how much is ‘one liquor.’ It refers to a glass or a cup of liquor. The noun for a measure is left implicit. 4 Numerals A numeral in Lhomi is a kind of quantifier and it expresses a number, quantity, sequence, and frequensy.4.1 Cardinal numerals
Parts
» Human classifier -pa, HUM1 Human classifier -paa, HUM2
» Marking plural in noun stems, PL1
» Marking plural in noun stems, NPs, and demonstratives
» Quantifiers marking plural of count nouns
» Numerals marking plural of count nouns
» Quantifiers modifying mass nouns
» baalik rii rii hat Cardinal numerals
» Marking the group of participants on numerals
» Ordinal numerals Partitive numerals
» Demonstratives as free pronouns
» Distal remote spatial demonstratives
» Indefinite spatial demonstratives Ablative marked demonstratives marking temporal linkage
» The ablative case The instrumental case
» The locative case The inessive case
» The allative case sillcdd 34.
» The vocative case sillcdd 34.
» Postpositions with genitive complements
» Postpositions with absolutive complements Postpositions with comitative complements
» Traces of grammatical gender in adjectives
» Derivational operators that produce adjectives from nouns, postpositions, and adverbs
» Derivational operators that produce adjectives from verbs
» Manner adverbs modifying the following verb
» Expressive manner adverbs Manner clauses modifying the finite verb
» Nominalized manner clauses as complements of a noun or NP More generic manner adverbs
» Specific time Adverbs of time
» Relative time Adverbs of time
» Adverbs that modify a NP or a whole clause Reversed conditional and emphatic adverbs
» Epistemic adverbs Adverbs of intensity
» Imparting new information Clitics
» Speaker’s embarassment and frustration
» Disclaimer or ‘hearsay’ particle Mirative particle
» Determination particle Speaker’s corrective particle
» Speaker’s rectifying particle Hearer’s agreement particles
» Confirmation Speaker’s compassionate attitude
» Speaker’s acceptance or call for acceptance
» Speaker’s call for attention
» Speaker’s emphatic call for attention
» Speaker’s response or call for response
» Morphophonemic vowel changes in verb roots
» Semantically empty grammatical heads
» Phonological and morphological note about negative prefixes
» Negated existential copulas Negated equative copular verbs
» Backward spreading of negation Double negation
» Conjunctdisjunct agreement patterns In bi-transitive verbs
» An alternative way to analyze conjunct marker -ken
» Speakerhearer’s direct experience with the action or the event of a finite verb, which is
» Speaker’s inference based on visual results of an event
» Speakerhearer’s direct sensory observation of the event of a finite verb marked by -
» Speakerhearer’s direct sensory observation of the process of a finite verb marked by -kuk
» Speakerhearers direct sensory observation marked in existential copulas
» Speaker’s inference from circumstantial evidence
» Speakerhearer’s assumed evidential based on general knowledge
» Speaker’s source of information is direct speech, quotative
» Speaker’s source of information is “hearsay”
» roo uko- Intransitive clause
» Possessive copular clause Descriptive copular clause Locational copular clause
» Evidentials Judgements Epistemic modality
» Abilitive ‘be able to’ Modal verb ‘attempt to’
» Abilitive ‘know how’ Modal attitude verbs
» Modal verb ‘want todesire to’
» Aspectual verbs marking inception
» Aspectual verb marking initiation Aspectual verb marking completion
» Clauses which have lexically empty verb heads and no nominal argument Verb nominalizers
» Prenominal relative clause with external head
» Headless relative clause Relative clauses
» Internally headed relative clause Non-restrictive relative clause
» Subject relative clause in finite position Object relative clause in finite position
» Correlative clauses Relative clauses
» Simple question Alternative questions affirmative–affirmative
» Alternative questions affirmative–negated Content questions
» Tag questions Interrogative clausesentence
» Punctiliar imperative Honorific imperative
» Speaker centered imperative Imperatives
» Honorific precative Hortative Emphatic hortative
» Non-proximate non-immediative imperative sillcdd 34.
» Pronouncing a curse or a blessing
» Subordinate purpose clause Adverbial clauses
» Subordinate conditional clause Adverbial clauses
» Subordinate concessive clause Adverbial clauses
» Subordinate substitutive clause Subordinate simultaneous clause
» Subordinate reason clause marked by t
» Subordinate reason clause marked by NMLZ -pa and DAT case
» Subordinate temporal end point Subordinate temporal onset point
» Subordinate additive clause Adverbial clauses
» Non-final temporal sequence Serial verb constructions
» Non-final means–result relation Non-final manner relation
» Completive aspect in serial chaining
» Benefactive construction Serial verb constructions
» Serial chaining and imperative finite verb Negation with shared subject
» Complementizer =tu Complement clauses
» Complementizer -ri Complement clauses
» Complementizer -lu Complementizer - Complement clauses
» Complementizer -le Complementizer -ro
» Complementizer -t Complement clauses
» Complementizer -ken Complement clauses
» Complementizer -pa with PCU matrix verbs
» Complementizer -pa with the matrix verb nø Double embedding complementations
» ‘Therefore’ relator ‘If that is the case’ sentence relator
» ‘Nevertheless, however, despite’ relators ‘Both and’ paratactic relator
» Exception sentence relator ma di
» Exception sentence relator Sentence relators
» ‘Tail-head’ sentence relator Groundsreason sentence relator
» Contrastive relation in paired clauses
» Exception contrast Co-ranking structures
» Elaboration, paraphrase, amplification, exemplification, and frustration
» DM marking a non-finite clause
» DM marking a NP and other syntactic units
» hassøt marking a prominent participant in a narrative
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