Correlative clauses Relative clauses

17.26 hi-ki tam hi-ko [ ŋ-e tɕhi-pa-la.] this-GEN message this-head 1SG-ERG do;VBZR-NMLZ;Q-DAT ‘As for this message, it was the message [which I spoke].’ This is not a permutation of a clause. The speaker asserts and responds to someone else’s claim.

17.2.7 Correlative clauses

I have already talked about correlative pronouns in section 3.5.6. Lhomi does not make any use of relative pronouns at all. The correlative construction in Lhomi typically consists of two paratactic clauses. The first is nominalized and the second one is the main clause in which the whole first clause is either a subject argument or an object argument. The correlative pronouns come in pairs. I have listed them earlier but I repeat the list here. Newar reportedly has the same kind of correlatives Hale and Shrestha 2006:225 and also David Watters talks about correlative pronouns Watters 2002:165. Here is a more complete list of Lhomi correlative pronouns: Table 17.1. Correlative pronouns khanʈa uko what that khaŋ kha-la u- ki tiŋ-la wherever that-GEN after-DAT =there susʏ u-ko he who hethat khan di u-ki which one his kha- tsøt tɕik u- tsøt tɕik what amount that amount maŋ-løt u- tsøt tɕik how much that much nam u- ki jaŋ-la when at that time kha- ntuk tɕhi-pa u-kou-la what kind of thatat that The following examples illustate the correlative clauses in Lhomi relevant parts are underlined. khan ʈa uko 1. 17.27 khit- raŋ-ki nam khanʈa ga-a tɕhik-kin 2PL-self-ERG when what feel.good-COMP2 do;VBZR-NMLZ thek-køt- aŋ u-ko tɕhit-tɕe noŋ-ken bet. like.to-PROG;EXP-NMLZ that-head do;VBZR-SBJV get.chance-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘Whenever you would like to be doing something good, that you will have a chance to do.’ khaŋ khala uki tiŋla 2. 17 .28 jaŋ keri jøt-na keri-ki khaŋ kha-la CONTR2 leader.sheep EXIST-NFNT1 leader.sheep-ERG whatever what-DAT ʈhik-kuk=ka u-ki tiŋ-la u-ki luk joŋma lead-PROG;VIS=Q that-GEN after-DAT that-GEN sheep other khajet di ɖo-ken bet. TE30 plural DEF go-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘On the other hand, if there is a leader sheep then wherever it leads, the other sheep will go after it.’ su uko 3. 17 .29 raŋ-ki khim-la mi ɖompu su juŋ-kuk=ka 2SG-GEN house-DAT man guest who come-PROG;VIS=Q u-ko ɖompu juŋ-a di-la tir go-ken bet. TE45 that-head guest come-NMLZ;Q DEF-DAT give have.to-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘A guest whoever comes to your house, to him, who has come as a guest, you must give food.’ Or ‘Whoever guest comes to your house, to that person you have to give food.’ A sister is giving advice on how to show hospitality to guests. khan di uki 4. 17 .30 ni jaŋ phaɕ-ɕi maɕ-ɕi-ki ʈhik-la hak tɕik jaŋ CONTR2 father-field mother-field-GEN concerning-DAT right INDF CONTR2 u-ko ʈhoŋ-p-e sa khajet di u-ki ʈhoŋ-p-e mi that-head house-HUM1-GEN field plural DEF that-GEN house-HUM1-GEN man khan di-ki miŋ-la ɕuŋ-ki appis-tu dartaa which DEF-GEN name-DAT government-GEN office-LOC registration t ɕhi jøt-aŋ u-ki hak-la dzeŋ juŋ-ken bet. TE52 do;VBZR[PST] EXIST-NMLZ that-GEN right-DAT all come-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘On the other hand concerning the fields of a house, in which person’s name of the house the fields have been registered in the government office, it is to himher that the right of full ownership belongs to.’ khantuk t ɕhipa ula 5. 17 .31 aku tshiriŋ-la kha-ntuk tɕhi-p-e dukpa tɕhi-jaa uncle tshiring-DAT what-ADVZR do;VBZR-NMLZ;Q-GEN hardship great-COMP2 noŋ-a bek=ka u-la te-na experience-NMLZ;Q AUX=Q that-DAT look.at-NFNT1 hat ɕa-raŋ ha le-ken bet. 1PL.INCL-self aud.impact remain-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘What kind of severe hardships uncle Chiring has experienced, looking at that we become astonished.’ 18 Clause combining and sentence

18.1 Interrogative clausesentence