Internally headed relative clause Non-restrictive relative clause

17.2.3 Internally headed relative clause

Payne defines an internally headed relative clause as follows: “An internally headed relative clause is a relative clause whose head noun phrase occurs within the relative clause itself. This type of relative clause, which occurs only in SOV languages, takes the place of a regular noun phrase argument in the main clause” 1997:295. The following two examples illustrate internally headed relative clauses in Lhomi relative clause is in square brackets. Internal relative clause 17 .17 raŋ-ki [ɖompu juŋ-a di-la] tuwa tir go-ken bet TE45 2SG-ERG guest come-NMLZ;Q DEF-DAT food give have.to-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘You must give food [to the guest who has come to your home].’ Younger sister is giving advice to her elder sister. The relative clause in this sentence is the indirect object of the main verb ‘to give’. 17.18 [u-ki mi-i khim-na mi jøp-pa khajet di-la that-GEN man-GEN house-IN man EXIST-NMLZ;Q plur DEF-DAT kurik- la] duŋ-ni ni gantikma jari-pa ɕi-nar-a all-DAT beat-NFNT2 DM truly some-HUM1 die-COMPL-NMLZ;Q ɖas-si ɕi-mi ro-mi ɖas-si sø-na ɕak. TE28 be.alike-INTNS die-man corpse-man be.alike-INTNS make-NFNT1 leave[PST] ‘Then after the policemen really had beaten up [all those who were inside the home of that man], they left them there like dead ones, like corpses.’ This relative clause is the grammatical object of the nonfinite adverbial clause.It refers to those who were living in the house.

17.2.4 Non-restrictive relative clause

A non-restrictive relative clause is a relative clause which only provides information about the head. So far I have dealt mostly with restrictive relative clauses.The following examples illustrate some non-restrictive relative clauses in Lhomi relative clauses are in square brackets and the relativizer is underlined: 17.19 [roo-ki le t ɕhik-ken ] he-GEN work do;VBZR-NMLZ;CONJ phu- mu joŋma tɕik son-F1 other INDF [khulak ʈʏk-ken nuk tɕhi-pa tɕik] jøp-pa bet. TE21 clothes wash-NMLZ;CONJ this do;VBZR-NMLZ;Q INDF EXIST-NMLZ;Q AUX ‘There was another girl, [one who washed clothes, one who was her worker].’ There are two NPs in apposition. This is parenthetical information in the story. Both relative clauses in this example are headless ones. The finite verb of the main clause governs the tense of the verbs in the relative clauses. Therefore though these verbs are marked for nonpast they are past. [NPCL-ken] NP [NPCL-ken NP] VP 17 .20 thaŋpuu [ ajekpa sik-ken] phaʈʈaapa long.ago Ayekpa say-NMLZ;CONJ tramp [elam- e tshaŋ khur-e mi tɕik] jøp-pa bet. TE57 lie-GEN nest carry-NMLZ;Q-GEN man INDF EXIST-NMLZ;Q AUX ‘A long time ago there was a big liar [who was called Ayekpa], a man [who carried the nest of lies with him] an idiom.’ Note that the finite verb is marked for parenthetical information, past perfect construction.

17.2.5 Subject relative clause in finite position