Subordinate reason clause marked by t

d ʑaa-p-ʏ phu-mu-la kii-pa bet. TE21 king-M1-GEN daughter-DAT be.born-NMLZ;Q AUX ‘Mother goat had to die. Since she had died with the child, she was later born as a princess.’ The heroic act of the mountain goat mother was rewarded in the next incarnation and she was born as a human princess. This is both time sequence and causal. 18.131 t ɕheppa dʑap-ni pha-la tsa tir thuk-moŋ. TE3 rain VBZR-NFNT2 cow-DAT grass give be.able-NEG.PST.EXP ‘Because it rained I was not able to give any grass to the cows.’ 18.132 khirik ɕekket ɕor-ni mik juŋ-tɕe di pheasant laughter burst.out-NFNT2 eye come-SBJV DEF thøn di hi-ko bet. TE16 reason DEF this-head COP ‘The reason for its eyes becoming red is because it burst out laughing.’ The pheasant was laughing at the monkey who burned his buttock on a hot frying pan.

18.9.8 Subordinate reason clause marked by t

ɕhi-ni When the subordinate clause is marked by t ɕhi-ni it makes the reason clause more prominent than the resultconsequence main clause. 18.133 ni ma di hi-ki gen di phurpu aŋtɕuk-ki CONTR1 DEF this-GEN responsibility DEF phurpu angt ɕuk-ERG khur-na t ɕhi-ni ŋa-la gesa tɕhimmu tɕhuŋ. TE13 carry-NFNT1 do;VBZR-NFNT2 1SG-DAT joy great become[PST] ‘Because Phurpu Angt ɕuk actually would carry the reponsibility of that, I got really happy.’ 18.134 se-ni [ le di ʈhup nam rø ] tɕhi-ni eat-NFNT2 work DEF finish[PST] darkness become.dark[PST] do;VBZR-NFNT2 lok-na juŋ-a bet. TE16 return-NFNT1 come-NMLZ;Q AUX ‘After they had eaten, the work finished and it became dark; therefore, they returned home.’ It is the reason which is highlighted in this example. The first non-finite clause se-ni ties this new sentence to the preceding one sentence relator where eating already happened. The underlined two verbs form a serial chaining in square brackets and t ɕhi-ni is the chain-final verb. It marks the chain as prominent reason for the main clause result that follows. For more about serial verbs see section 18.10. 18.135 ʈhempaa tɕhi-ni u-ko roŋ-la ak phin-na cross.breed do;VBZR-NFNT2 that-head lowland-DAT INCLN go.come[PST]-NFNT1 ak khan ʈa ak mit-tɕhik-ken bet. TE32 INCLN what INCLN NEG-do;VBZR-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘Even if dzo goes to lowlands nothing happens to it, because it is a crossbreed.’ Or: ‘Because it is a crossbreed, nothing happens to it even if it goes to lowlands.’ This example is about a domestic animal called dzo, a crossbreed of yak and cow. It is a good animal because it adjusts both to lowlands and highlands. 18.136 mi kurik-ki dikpa t ɕhi-ni kurik-la dikpa jøk-ken man all-ERG sin do;VBZR-NFNT2 all-DAT sins EXIST-NMLZ;CONJ t ɕhi-ni juu-kaŋ-tu mi ɕi-na kha-ni mit-tɕaŋ do;VBZR-NFNT2 village-house-LOC man die-NFNT1 where-ABL NEG.EXIST-NFNT3 lama ʈhik-ken bet. TE51 lama fetch-NMLZ;CONJ AUX ‘Because all men have committed sins, all men have sins, therefore if a man dies in the village they fetch a lama wherever he is.’ Lit. ‘from wherever he is not.’ The story describes the lamaism in Lhomi area. It is extremely important to have a lama to perform the post-mortem rites.

18.9.9 Subordinate reason clause marked by NMLZ -pa and INS case