Ngobah Tutur “ The ceremony of introducing the relatives and changing

Ibas acara endape ipedalan nge utang adat, emkap rudang-rudang, bere-bere, perkempun ras perkembaren man penadingen sienggo ibuat e. Prepositional phrase as theme Rheme marked topical theme In this ceremonial, the adat debt utang adat as rudang-rudang, bere-bere, bride’s mother’s natal lineage , perkempun the bride’s puang kalimbubu and perkembaren anakberu anakberu cekoh baka, anakberu menteri, anakberu tua , to the representative of the groom’s relatives penadingen were also delivered adjunct as theme Rheme marked topical theme Ibas acara endape in SL is prepositional phrase as adjunct in number 16 SL and as the departure of meaning and it is as unmarked topical theme. The preposition is followed by nominal group. The nominal group in this theme consist of acara as the head and followed by enda pe as modifiers, enda is singular demonstrative which near to the speaker means ‘this’ and pe is translated with ‘also’. In this ceremonial is prepositional phrase as marked topical theme and its structural rule is in as preposition and followed by nominal group : this as a demonstrative pronoun and ceremonial as noun. In the target language the prepositional phrase of in this ceremonial as marked topical theme consist of in as preposition . and followed by this ceremonial as nominal group. The SL theme was translated literally.

2. Ngobah Tutur “ The ceremony of introducing the relatives and changing

participants kinship terms” In the process of ngobah tutur, it is the starting of rebu for a new couple and other relatives. 17.SL.Adi sinoria, ibas ngobah tutur enda iban nge belo kinapur siman berenken pengantin man kerina kade-kade sangana ipetandaken. Universitas Sumatera Utara TL. For the ancestors, in the ngobah tutur belo kinapur was provided which the groom gave to all the guests while she was being introduced to them. Adi sinoria ibas ngobah tutur enda iban nge belo kinapur siman berenken pengantin man kerina kade-kade sangana ipetandaken. Conj Theme Rheme Marked topical theme For the ancestors , in the ngobah tutur belo kinapur was provided which the groom gave to all the guests while she was being introduced to them. Conj Theme Rheme Marked topical theme Adi sinoria is conjunction as marked topical theme, ngobah tutur is the ceremony of introducing the relatives and it is held in the groom’s parents’ house and changing Karo kinship terms. It is untranslatable and the lengthy explaination was needed in the process of translation, so descriptive equivalence was applied. In this ceremony, the bridegroom perform their honor to their relatives specially for their rebu. For the ancestors, is prepositional phrase as marked theme in TL, the construction of preposition phrase TL is not same. The theme in SL clause consist of dependent clause, but in TL the theme is prepositional phrase. Eventhough both themes were not same but the message of the two themes were same. 18.SL. Tapi gundari enda, lanai pe iban enggo kam biasa, cukup salaman saja. TL. But nowadays , there aren’t any belo kinapur and it is not problem, shaking hands is enough. Tapi gundari enda lanai pe iban enggo kam biasa, cukup salaman saja. Conj Theme Rheme textual theme But nowadays , aren’t any belo kinapur and it is not problem, it is enogh for shaking hands only. Conj Theme Rheme textual theme Universitas Sumatera Utara Tapi is as the theme in SL and but is as the theme in TL. Tapi and but are as conjunctions in the both SL and TL of clauses 18. They are textual themes and literal translation are used to transfer tapi in SL into but in TL. 19.SL. Pengantin si diberu ibabai bibi sidilaki lako petandakensa man kerina kade-kade sidilaki sireh, ras nuduhisa kadena kin ia, entah sibiak rebu entah lang. bage kape pengantin sidilaki ibabai bibi sisereh, lako petandakensa man kerina kade-kade arah sidiberu. TL. The bride was guided by the groom’s aunts to introduce her to all present gr oom’s guests, and stated her kinship terms, whether they are as her rebu or not, the same ceremonial was held to the groom which was guided by the bride’s aunts, to introduce him to her relatives. Pengantin si diberu ibabai bibi sidilaki lako petandakensa man kerina kade- kade sidilaki sireh ras nuduhisa kadena kin ia, entah sibiak rebu entah lang. bage kape pengantin sidilaki ibabai bibi sisereh, lako petandakensa man kerina kade-kade arah sidiberu. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme The bride was guided by the groom’s aunts to introduce her to all present groom’s guests, and stated her kinship, whether they are as her rebu or not, the same ceremonial was held to the groom which was guided by the bride’s aunts, to introduce him to her relatives. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Pengantin si diberu is a nominal group as unmarked topical theme, the structure rule of this nominal group pengantin is the head and si diberu as post- modifiers. In TL they are translated literally with bride, its structure rule is nominal group the is as modifier and bride as the head. The bride is subject as theme in the clause 19. 20.SL. ABTS Anakberu Tua Sinereh nungkuni ija kin ngenda rencana alamat sitetap pengantin enda, gelah ieteh kalimbubu pagi ndahisa kune tedeh atena, janah gelah ieteh ngalamatken surat kune lit dahi-dahin ibas kalimbubu. TL. ABTS asked where the future permanent address of the bridegroom, so that Universitas Sumatera Utara if kalimbubu were long for them, and when there is a kalimbubu ’s party we know the address to send the letter. ABTS Anakberu Tua sinereh nungkuni ija kin ngenda rencana alamat sitetap pengantin enda, gelah ieteh kalimbubu pagi ndahisa kune tedeh atena, janah gelah ieteh ngalamatken surat kune lit dahi-dahin ibas kalimbubu. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme ABTS asked where the future permanent address of the bridegroom, so that if kalimbubu were long for them, and when there is a kalimbubu ’s party we know the address to send the letter. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Syntactically, Anakberu Tua Sinereh is a nominal group as theme in clause 20. The structure of Anakberu Tua Sinereh , the head is anakberu , tua and sinereh are post-modifiers. ABTS is the contraction of Anakberu Tua Sinereh, they are group of wife takers who are responsible to help their kalimbubu in celebrating a party. The unmarked topical theme in the SL was paraphrased into TL. The term of ABTS is one of the anak beru group who lead the process of the party and they had function to guide the other group of anak beru. Translating anak beru was not only transferring its meaning but also its function. To exist its meaning and its function in TL are not transferable because its cultural differences, so they do not exist in TL. Anakberu is responsible to support all their kalimbubu party. They are as volunteers in kalimbubu ’s party. 21.SL. Tambah sie entah ndigan kin ngenda rencana pengantin ku alamatna e, entah ku kuta ingan na tading e, gelah ieteh kalimbubu pagi naroh. TL. Besides , so when will the bride and groom plan to go home, or to the village where they will live, so kalimbubu know when they will accompany them to go there. Universitas Sumatera Utara Tambah sie entah ndigan kin ngenda rencana pengantin ku alamatna e, entah ku kuta ingan na tading e, gelah ieteh kalimbubu pagi naroh. conj as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Besides so when will the bride and groom plan to go home, or to the village where he lived, so kalimbubu know when they will accompany them to go there. Conj as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Tambah sie in SL as theme literally translated to be besides in TL is as textual theme, they are as conjunctives adjuncts. 22.SL. Anakberu sidilaki mereken cokong-cokong pengantin, sinialokenna sangana rende ibas dahin ngating manok. TL. The groom’s anakberu gave the cokong-cokong to the bridegroom, which was received while they were dancing and singing. Anak beru sidilaki mereken cokong-cokong pengantin, sinialokenna sangana rende ibas dahin ngating manok. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme The groom’s anakberu gave the cokong-cokong to the bridegroom, which was received while they were dancing and singing. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Anak beru sidilaki is subject as theme in SL, anakberu sidilaki in this clause was not classified into each group. So anakberu sidilaki are the wife taker’s group who work for their kalimbubu in a party. The groo m’s anakberu is subject as unmarked theme in TL, anakberu in SL was not translated into the TL because it doesn’t exist in TL and there are many kinds of anakberu, the explaination was needed in the process of translation, descriptive equivalence translation procedure was applied. 23.SL. Ngisap-ngisap sidilaki man belo sidiberu, acara mukul enggo dung. Universitas Sumatera Utara TL. Men of anakberu ‘wife takers’ offer the cigarettes to the men of kalimbubu ‘wife givers’ and women of anakberu ‘wife takers’offer belo to kalimbubu ‘wife givers’ and women the mukul ceremony had been done well. Ngisap-ngisap sidilaki man belo sidiberu, acara mukul enggo dung. verbial group as theme Rheme marked topical theme Men of anakberu ‘wife ta kers’ offer the cigarettes to the men of kalimbubu ‘wife givers’ and women of anakberu ‘wife takers’offer belo to kalimbubu ‘wife givers’ and women the mukul ceremony had been done well. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Ngisap-ngisap is a verbial group as unmarked theme in SL and it was translated with ‘smoking together’ literally. In this case anakberu ‘wife takers’ offer the cigarettes to kalimbubu ‘wife givers’ and belo to women, this situation was used to know more about the two families and their relatives. Men of anakberu ‘wife takers’ is subject as unmarked theme in SL, there is no equivalence of ngisap-ngisap sidilaki and man belo si diberu therefore it must be explained in TL. The shift of marked theme to be unamarked theme occurred in translating the theme of SL. 24.SL. Biasana orangtua sidiberu labo mulih tapi ibas rumah e ia medem, terangkensa waringe maka ia mulih. TL. The brides parent usually do not leave for their house, they stayed in the house for sleeping Biasana orangtua sidiberu labo mulih tapi ibas rumah e ia medem, terangkensa waringe maka ia mulih. Conj adjunct Theme Rheme Marked topical theme The brides parent usually don’t leave for their house, they stayed in the house for sleeping Unmarked Theme Rheme Biasana is adverb of frequency as modal adjunct, it is used at initial of the clause as to emphasize the meaning of the clause. Biasana is an adverb in SL but Universitas Sumatera Utara it has different theme for the TL. Orangtua sidiberu is a subject as theme in TL. The brides parent is subject as unmarked theme in SL.There is a derivational theme of marked theme in SL changes to be unmarked theme in the clause 24. 25.SL. Lit ka daerah, ibas terang wari enggo kenca elah man pengantin mereken sada amak tayangen man : orangtua si empo, orangtua sisereh, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas ras pinggan perpanganen man anak beru. TL. In the certain area, the next morning after having breakfast, the bridegroom gave an amak tayangen to groom’s parents, the bridge’s parents, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas and pinggan perpanganen to anak beru the next morning. Lit ka daerah , ibas terang wari enggo kenca elah man, pengantin mereken sada amak tayangen man : orangtua si empo, orangtua sisereh, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas ras pinggan perpanganen man anak beru. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme In the certain area , the next morning after having breakfast, the bridegroom gave an amak tayangen to groom’s parents, the bridge’s parents, kalimbubu singalo ulu emas and pinggan perpanganen to anak beru the next morning. Prepositional phrase as theme Rheme marked topical theme Lit ka daerah is subject as theme in SL and In the certain area is prepositional phrase as theme. The subject in the clause of SL is nominal group, Lit ka are as modifiers modify daerah. Lit is a subject pronoun in SL. There is a structural shift in translating theme in clause of SL into TL. Text 2 : Rebu in Karonese Society There are some avoidances in practicing rebu in Karonese society. 26.SL. Kata rebu ertina pantang, la metunggung, ilarang, la ijinken ngelakoken sada perbahanen. TL. The word of rebu means taboo, disharmony, forbid, or avoid to do an action. Universitas Sumatera Utara Kata rebu ertina pantang, la metunggung, ilarang, la ijinken ngelakoken sada perbahanen. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme The word of rebu taboo, disharmony, forbid, or avoid to do an action. Nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Kata rebu is nominal group as an unmarked topical theme in the clause 26. It is a nominal group which consists of double nouns, they are ‘word’ and ‘rebu’ but the central idea is rebu, all the rest words in this nominal group are as modifiers. The first nou n “kata” modifies the second noun rebu in Karonese language. In the target language the word of rebu is an unmarked topical theme, it is a nominal group which consists of three modifiers : the, word, and of modify rebu. In translating rebu the researcher must explain it to express the intended meaning. The expression of rebu in Karonese language with its translation “ taboo or social avoidance ‟. Rebu is associated with cultural activity in SL but it does not happen in TL therefore couplets is used. 27.SL. Kalak si ngelanggar larangen e eme kalak si la meteh adat, la ngikuti orat nggeluh ras kalak sibage icakapken jelma si enterem. TL. People who violate the ban are those who do not know the adat and they do not obey the applicable Karonese procedures life and such person will be scorned and despised by many people. Kalak si ngelanggar larangen e eme kalak si la meteh adat, la ngikuti orat nggeluh ras kalak sibage icakapken jelma si enterem. Nominalization as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme People who violate the ban are those who do not know the adat and they do not obey the applicable Karonese procedures life and such person will be scorned and despised by many people. Nominalisation as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Universitas Sumatera Utara Kalak si ngelanggar larangen e is an unmarked topical theme it is nominalization in the clause. The form of this theme is kalak as the head which modified by four post modifiers : si ngelanggar, larangen and e. In the target language it was literally translated to People who violate the ban, it is as an unmarked topical theme. People is the head of who violate the ban which consist of four modifiers modify people. 28.SL.Bagi tutur ermami secara luas kela pe banci anak dilaki turang perbulangan sierdemu ras anak kalimbubu. TL.The same as the kinship term for mami, kela can also mean broadly a son of husbands sister who married the daughter of the spouse of husband and wife. Bagi tutur ermami secara luas kela pe banci anak dilaki turang perbulangan sierdemu ras anak kalimbubu. Conj adjunct Rheme textual theme The same as the kinship term for mami, , kela can also mean broadly a son of husbands sister who married the daughter of the spouse of husband and wife. Conj adjunct Rheme textual theme Bagi tutur ermami secara luas is as a conjunctive adjunct in textual theme. The translation of bagi tutur ermami secara luas in SL is the same as the kinship term for mami in TL as a conjunctive adjunct as textual theme. It is translated with couplets procedure. 29.SL. Ibas kalak Karo enggo ieteh lit rebu : eme sapih-sapih mami ras kela, bengkila ras permain , turangku ras turangku. TL. In Karonese society it has been well known that there are rebu: between mami with kela, between bengkila with permain , between turangku with turangku. Ibas kalak Karo enggo ieteh lit rebu : eme sapih-sapih mami ras kela, bengkila ras permain , turangku ras turangku. prepositional phrase as theme Rheme Universitas Sumatera Utara marked topical theme In Karonese society it has been well known that there are rebu: between mami with kela, between bengkila with permain , between turangku with turangku. prepositional phrase as theme Rheme marked topical theme The process of translation the marked theme in SL was applied literally. Ibas kalak Karo is a prepositional phrase as marked topical theme and its structural rule is ibas as preposition and followed by a nominal group : Karo as a noun and kalak as an adjective. In the target language the prepositional phrase of In Karonese society as marked a topical theme consists of in as preposition . and followed by Karonese society as a nominal group. a. Rebu sapih Mami ras Kela “ Rebu between Mami and Kela” 30.SL. Tutur ermami eme nande ibas sekalak ndehara ras tutur ermami banci ka nge ndehara mamanta. TL. Kinship term of mami is mother of a man’s wife , and in a broad scope mami is a wife of someone’s mother’s brother. Tutur ermami eme nande ibas sekalak ndehara ras tutur ermami banci ka nge ndehara mamanta. nominalization as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Kinship term of mami is mother of a man’s wife, and in a broad scope mami is a wife of so meone’s mother’s brother. nominalization as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Tutur ermami is a nominal group as an unmarked theme in SL and the kinship term of mami is nominal group as an unmarked theme in TL. In translating tutur ermami the researcher must look for the natural equivalent to express the intended meaning. Tutur ermami in Karonese language and “ mother in law” in English have almost the same meaning and descriptive equivalence procedure is used by the researcher as the translator to transfer the meaning. The Universitas Sumatera Utara form of tutur ermami in SL and in a narrow scope the kinship term of mami in TL are different. Tutur ermami is cultural specific bound term which can be used for denoting the kinship of son in law to his mother in law. In SL the cultural term mother in law has broad scope of meaning but in TL the term mother in law is only used by son in law. In the clause 30 SL, tutur ermami is subject as nominal group and translated it with the kinship term of mami. Both of them are nominalization as unmarked themes. 31.SL. Kata kela eme perbulangen sekalak anak diberu i tengah jabu. TL. The word of kela is the husband of the spouse’s daughter. Kata kela eme perbulangen sekalak anak diberu i tengah jabu. nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme The word of kela is the husband of the spouse’s daughter. nominal group as theme Rheme unmarked topical theme Kata kela is nominal group as an unmarked topical theme in the clause of 31. It consists of double noun. The first noun “kata” modifies the second noun kela in Karonese language. In the target language the word of kela is an unmarked topical theme, it is a nominal group which consists of three modifiers : the, word, and of modify kela. In translating kela the researcher must look for the descriptive equivalent in TL to express the intended meaning. Here expression kela in Karonese language and “ son in law‟ in English have almost the same meaning. In Karonese language kela has the broad meaning, it can be denoted to sisters’ son in law but it doesn’t occur in English. 32.SL. Ope lenga erdemu bayu, anak perana e eme bere-bere , enggo kenca jumpa bere-bere e ras impalna lanai saja ia bere-bere tapi pe enggo kela. Universitas Sumatera Utara TL. Before the marriage, the man was their bere-bere, after their daughters marriage took place, then the man was not only their bere- bere but also as a kela son in law. Ope lenga erdemu bayu, anak perana e eme bere-bere , enggo kenca jumpa bere-bere e ras impalna lanai saja ia bere-bere tapi pe enggo kela. adverbial group as theme Rheme marked topical theme Before the marriage, the man was their bere-bere, after their daughters marriage took place, then the man was not only their bere- bere but also as a kela son in law. adverbial group as theme Rheme marked topical theme Ope lenga erdemu bayu is adverbial group as marked theme and it was translated literally to be before the marriage . There has been the kindship Karonese terms between uncle and Ego. Ego is the uncle’s sister’s son and it is called bere-bere in SL when it was translated into TL it was n ephew sister’s son.

1. Rebu ngerana langsung “ Rebu of talking directly”