question kai. In TL there was no question word followed by adverb of time. Both theme have the same meaning but they have different structure rules.
Kuja nge is WH- element in a WH interrogative as unmarked theme , kuja means where but nge was untranslatable. Nge was to emphasize the question
word. Where is the translation of SL theme, it is as unmarked theme in TL. Mami is subject as unmarked theme in SL and was translated with what
about mami? There was the shift structure, in translating mami uga? The clause
was the continuity of the obvious expression and it was continued by expression ‘what about mami?’ In this case the meaning of this question was about to ask his
mami whether she would join them.
Kai kin in SL as a unmarked Theme in a word question consist of the word
question followed by kin
, it is translated with ‘what’ . What is a unmarked
marked theme in WH- element. Kin in SL is untraslatable, it is used to emphasize the question.
In imperative clauses, the non-finite verb or the let´s is the unmarked Theme. The structure of imperative clauses and the culture of imperative clauses
of both SL and TL are different. Since the changes of the themes in the TL caused the changes the position of the themes.
b. Marked themes
Of all declarative clauses in SL there are 17 marked themes. This kind of theme refers to adjunct of the source text that can be matched with those of the
target text without missing images e.g. adverbial group and prepositional phrase. The problems in translating the advervial group in SL into the TL are
structure rules and the position of adverbial group in the clauses.
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Ibas si e arah pudi kalimat
in SL and in this case at the end of every sentence that they
in TL. Both preposional phrases are as marked themes.
In the researcher’s participation observation the using of animate as the medium for their communication is seldom used, instead each uses the word nina : nina
mami, nina kela, nina turangku, nina permain or nina bengkila. Mami says , kela says , turangku says, permain or bengkila says.
Ibas kalak Karo is prepositional phrase as marked topical theme and its
structural rule is ibas as preposition and followed by nominal group : Karo as a
noun and kalak as an adjective. In the target language the prepositional phrase of In Karonese
society as marked topical theme consist of in as preposition. and followed by Karonese society as nominal group.
Alu kata sideban is marked theme in prepositional phrase and its translation is in other words as marked theme in TL. Both the themes are at the
first position of the clause.
I datas papan e amak is adjunct as marked theme in SL and it was translated with mat
is subject as unmarked theme in TL. In translating theme in the clause of SL, there was the shift of group level, prepositional phrase to nominal group.
Ope lenga erdemu bayu is adverbial group as marked theme and its
translation is before the marriage . There has been the kindship Karonese terms between uncle and Ego. Ego is the uncle’s sister’s son and it is called bere-bere in
SL when it was translated into TL it was n ephew sister’s son.
Nai is a constituent in declarative clause as theme, it is an adjunct. Nai is an adverb of time and it is mostly used at the beginning of clause in Karonese
language. This adverb was placed at the beginning of the clause was to emphasis the applying of marriage rite mukul in the past. The adverb of time could be
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placed at the beginning or the end of the clause in Karonese language as English could.
Nai is an adverb of time in SL and it consists of single word but when it was translated into English. The translation of nai in SL became four words in TL.
For long time ago, is the adverbial clause in the clause of number 1b as
the marked topical theme. In SL nai as adverbial group only had one lexical category whereas in TL, there were 4 lexical categories of the adverbial clause as
marked theme. Both of these themes syntactically have different phrasal structure
rules but they have the same meaning. The process of translating nai into for long time ago
in this clause was applied by semantic translation method .
The marked Theme in this clause is an adverbial group.
c. Shift problem
