Kinship terms in Karonese society

19. Sinupayung

4.1.2 Kinship terms in Karonese society

Every ethnic group of each nation in the world has its own system of kinship. It seems simple for those who uses it, but it is hard for those who do not understand it. When it is translated, there are some difficulties for a translator because of the kinship system is different from an ethnic group to another. The Karonese ethnic kinship system is very complicated because there are many kinship terms such as: bapa nande, bibi bengkila, mama mami, silih turangku, permain kela and so on. Whereas in English we know the words father mother, aunt uncle, brother sister, grandfathermother etc. It definitely will cause many difficulties for a translator. In the Karonese culture, the kinship term is used as one form of address when speaking to others, especially when speaking to family members by blood, marriage and close, intimate friends. Using the correct and proper choice of kinship term is of utmost importance in this culture. One can be accused of being rude and be labeled as la radat in Karonese language, which is literally translated as insufficiently taught, if one were to use an inappropriate choice. Universitas Sumatera Utara There are 12 kinship perkade-kaden sepuluh dua tambah sada in Karonese society, they are nini laki, nini tudung, nande, bapa, mama, mami, bibi, bengkila, turang , impal and turangku. 1. Kempu Figure 4.1. Perkade-kaden 12 in Karonese society Perkade-kaden 12 in Karonese society is translated literally. Plus one is a kin usually who is the head of the villagers, but nowadays tambah sada means those as friends . The translation of perkade- kaden 12 are seen in the table 4.4. Additional explaination for the following kinship terms are needed to have the accurate translation. In other contexts , as in this one, bapa means father and other relatives called bapa, they are FB. Nini Laki Nini Tudung Bapa Nande Mama Mami Bibi Bengkila Anak Bebere Permen Turang Ego Impal Turangku Impal Anak Anak Permen Permen Universitas Sumatera Utara Table 4.4. Perkade-kaden sepuluh dua tambah sada “the twelve kinship terms and plus one” Karonese Kinship Terms English Kinship Terms nini grandmother bulang grandfather kempu grandchild mama father in law, mother’s brother mami mother in law bere-bere son in law bapa gather nande mother anak son bibi mother in law bengkila father in law permen daughter in law ente grandchild’s sondaughter If Ego is a man and married a woman, so he has a geonological kindship Table 4.5. Classification of geonological kindship Karonese English Generation Laki grandfather -2 Nini grandmother -2 Nande Mother -1 Bapa Father -1 Senina Brother Turang Sister Table 4.6. Classification of wide kindship Karonese English Generation Sex Bapa Father -1 M Nande Mother -1 F anak dilaki Son M anak diberu Daughter F Senina Brother M Turang Sister F agi diberu younger sister F agi dilaki younger brother M Kaka older sister F Abang older brother M Kempu Grandchild 2 M Ente great grandchild 3 MF Entah great-great grandchild 4 MF Eda h usband’s sisters F bere-bere s ister’s children 1 MF Universitas Sumatera Utara Karonese English Generation Sex Kela d aughter’s husband 1 M Permain s on’s wife 1 F Bengkila father in law -1 M Bibi mother in law -1 F bibi tua older m other’s sister -1 F bibi tengah m iddle mother’s sister -1 F bibi nguda y ounger mother’s sister -1 F bapa tua older f ather’s brother -1 M bapa tengah m iddle father’s brother -1 M bapa nguda y ounger father’s brtother -1 M mama tua older m other’s brother -1 M mama tengah m iddle mother’s brother -1 M mama nguda y ounger mother’s brother -1 M Mami m other’s brother’s wife -1 F mami tua o lder mother’s brother’s wife -1 F mami tengah m iddle mother’s brother’s wife -1 F mami nguda y ounger mother’s brother’s wife -1 F nande tua o lder father’s brother’s wife -1 F nande tengah m iddle father’s brother’s wife -1 F nande nguda y ounger father’s brother’s wife -1 F Bengkila f ather’s sister’s husband -1 F bengkila tua older father’s sister’s husband -1 M bengkila tengah m iddle father’s sister’s husband -1 M bengkila nguda y ounger father’s sister’s husband -1 M turangku w ife’s brother’s wife F Perkakan o lder wife’s sister F peranggin y ounger wife’s sister F Simetua mother in law -1 F bengkila, ajinta father in law -1 M Cimbang h usband’s brother’s wife F perbulangen Husband M Ndehara Wife F Kadih IP F Kapah IP F Nake IP MF turang sipemeren m other’s sister’s daughter F senina sipemeren mot her’s sister’s son M turang impal f ather’s sister’s daugther F Pariban w ife’s sisters’ husband M Silih w ife’s brothers M Beru h usband’s sister F One difference might be as simple as distinguishing between a mothers brother and a fathers brother, as Karonese language does. Karo has two Universitas Sumatera Utara different words for uncle depending on the exact relationship, mama for mothers brother and bapa tua, tengah, nguda for fathers brother. Karo has no single words for either uncle or aunt, Karo has no single words equivalent to either grandmother or grandfather, but must specify which side of the family the relationship is through. Karo does this concisely, using far to mean father, bapa pa to mean mother, for : a. Karo, iting, tigan, biring, ribu, mothers mother, maternal grandmother b. Karo, iting, tigan, biring, ribu, fathers mother, paternal grandmother c. nini mothers father, maternal grandfather d. laki, bulang fathers father, paternal grandfather Interestingly, however, Karo uses nde and pa by themselves for mother and father respectively, using nande and bapa for that instead.

4.1.3 Marriage in Karonese culture