placed at the beginning or the end of the clause in Karonese language as English could.
Nai is an adverb of time in SL and it consists of single word but when it was translated into English. The translation of nai in SL became four words in TL.
For long time ago, is the adverbial clause in the clause of number 1b as
the marked topical theme. In SL nai as adverbial group only had one lexical category whereas in TL, there were 4 lexical categories of the adverbial clause as
marked theme. Both of these themes syntactically have different phrasal structure
rules but they have the same meaning. The process of translating nai into for long time ago
in this clause was applied by semantic translation method .
The marked Theme in this clause is an adverbial group.
c. Shift problem
There were the shifts of the position of these 55 unmarked themes and 24 marked themes when they were translated into the TL. The shift of theme also
occurs after the process of translation, most themes of the TL are used at the
initial of the clauses as the starting point of meaning of each clause.
All of the SL themes as seen in table 4.1 are found 77 topical themes at the initial of the clauses and after the process of translation, there were a few shifts of
themes there are 79 topical themes in TL. Additional topical themes are found in TL after the process of translation, there are 33 textual themes are found in SL
and changes to be 32 textual themes in TL. Decreasing themes are found for interpersonal themes, there 6 themes in SL and change to be 5 intepersonal themes
in TL. The changes occurred regard to the different structure rules of SL and TL in
table 4.1 and table 4.2. In the process of translating rebu texts in Karonese society
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there was the shift of theme which reveal the same meaning of the different themes.
In Karonese language, ipukul si dilaki nakan rikutken setengah naroh manok belgang, is a verbal group as the departure of the clause in the passive
clause, the structure rule of this verbal group is verb intransitive plus nominal group.
In English , the bride hold the rice and half of boiled egg, is nominal
group as the theme , the structure rules of the nominal group : bride is the head
and the as a pre-modifier and hold the rice and half of boiled egg are verbal
groups as post-modifiers. The process of translation of ipukul as a verbal group in SL, changed to be nominal group in TL.
By analyzing the 8a and 8b themes, of clauses translated from Karonese
language into English, it can be identified an exception that ipukul as the theme is a verbal group in Karonese language and translated into the bride is nominal
group English. Passive sentence in the SL changed to be active sentence in the TL.
In clause 17 SL, adi sinoria, ibas ngobah tutur enda is as textual theme, it changed to be marked theme in TL clause 17 for the ancestors, in the ngobah
tutur. Both examples were changed to be marked themes in TL. Adi sinoria is conjunction as marked topical theme, ngobah tutur is the
ceremony of introducing the relatives and it is held in the groom’s parents’ house and changing Karonese kinship terms. It is untranslatable and the lengthy
explaination was needed in the process of translation. In this ceremony, the
bridegroom perform their honor to their relatives specially for their rebu. For the ancestors
, is prepositional phrase as marked theme in TL, the construction of
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preposition phrase in TL is preposition followed by noun phrase. The theme in SL clause consist of dependent clause, but in TL the theme is prepositional phrase.
Eventhough both themes were not same but the message of the two themes were same.
Lit ka daerah in clause 25 SL is unmarked theme was translated to in the
certain area, 25 TL as marked theme, there was the change of theme in the
process of translation SL into TL. Lit ka daerah is subject as theme in SL and In the certain area
is prepositional phrase as theme. The subject in the clause of SL
is nominal group, Lit ka are as modifiers modify daerah. Lit is a subject pronoun
in SL.
5.2.2.2 Cultural specific items problems.
Translation problems caused by existing of the cultural specific items in SL and to resolve these problems, the translation strategies are applied to translate
the untranslatable culture rebu texts in Karonese society into English and to identify the procedures of translating cultural phenomenon of the dialog of rebu
in Karonese language and English. The examples of socio-cultural features of the original text are cultural
concepts existing in the source language but they are lacking in the TL, because they are mostly specific culture-bound expressions and very specific language. In
these situations the researcher as the
translator has resorted to descriptive equivalence, paraphrasing and footnotes to keep the specific socio-cultural
elements present in the target text; therefore, they might be considered as foreignization
.
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a. Social culture of rebu texts in Karonese society
