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Elder care in rural areas in Thailand had extremely changed in terms of family’s structures,
roles, and responsibilities from agricultural society to a more industrialized one. Linjong Phothipal et. al.
2010 found that Thai family still kept cultures and traditions on mutual care as well as maintained good
relationship in the family as a tool for the dependent elderly care so they can live their lives properly.
That is why, the identification of dependency level in older people need to be clear for provide facts
that lead to integrated service planning resulting in efficiency of service providing and management.
Especially, in Tumbol Naphru, Phra-Phrom District
where has the high number of older people in Nakhon Si Thammarat,Thailand TNPNT. Health Office,
Nakhon Si Thammarat, 2013
2. Objective
The objective was to identify the number of older people in 3 groups, classified by the dependency
level in performing ADLs. 3. Methodology
This survey research design by applying step by step as follows:
3.1 The 517 elderly people of TNPNT was the population study.
3.2 The research instruments was the older People
Dependency Screening Questionnaire developed by Linjong Phothipal et. al.
in which was a survey of the activities in 10 points consisted of five
basic activities item 1-5 such as eating, bathing and grooming, dressing, toileting, and mobile in home.
For advanced item 6-10 include cooking, house cleaning, out-of-house mobility, using the money and
using public transport. Each activity has three choices were independence, partially dependence, and totally
dependence. The criteria for classified by 3 groups as followed; group 1 was independence for 5 basic
activites item 1-5 and 5 advanced activities items 6- 10. Group 2 performed 5 basic activities item 1-5
but at least 1 item for partially dependence in advanced activities items 6-10 and Group 3 was at
least 1 item totally dependence in 5 basic activities 1-5 and totally dependence in 5 advanced activities
items 6-10. Content validity were determined by 8 experts, each content from .83 to 1.00 and totally
0.98. Construct validity by Spearman rho .71. Coefficient of consistency using Cronbach
’s alpha.91 which for basic activities .86 and .88 advanced
activities. 3.3 The data was gathered by interviews and
observation performing ADLs. The researchers trained 20 health village volunteers and they tried to
checked 3 cases true before collected the data. 3.4 Analysis of data used were percentage and
chi-square.
4. Results
4.1 The study population consisted of 517 subjects, of whom 57.3 were female, most of them
have a 60 – 79 year of age, 61.30 married, 77.8
and 44.90 living with their children. 77.8 in primary education, 100 received allowance for the
elderly, 54.16 no underlying disease. The prevalence of
hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, musculo-skeletal problem, and allergy
was 20.47, 16.44, 8.70, 3.09, 20.05 and 1.93, respectively. The problem of urinary system
was 16.44 partially urinary incontinence, and 5.80 totally urinary incontinence. The problem of digestive
system was 15.60 totally fecal incontinence, and 12.38 partially fecal incontinence. see table 1
Table 1 Number and percentage of Characteristics
N=517 Characteristic
Number Percentage
Gender Male
221 42.70
Age Female
60-79 80-89
89 296
245 179
93 57.30
47.40 34.60
18.00
Education
Marital status
Dwelling Uneducated
Primary school
High school Bachelors
Degree Graduate
Total Single
Marriage Widow
Divorce Total
Stay alone Stay with
children Stay with
parent Stay with
spouse Stay with
descendant 94
402 16
3 2
517 34
317 160
6 517
37 233
14 317
61 18.20
77.80 3.10
0.60 0.40
100.00 6.60
61.30 30.90
1.20 100.00
7.20 45.10
2.70 61.30
31.30
Education and Leadership in Glocalization : What does “think globally, act locally” mean for education around the world?
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Table 1 Amount and percentage of demographic data Cont.
Characteristic Number Percentage
Disease Underlying
Hypertension 280
117 54.16
20.47 Diabetes
85 16.44
Hyper cholesterol
emia Heart
Musculo- skeletal
Allergy Partially
urinary incontinence
Totally urinary
incontinence Partially
fecal incontinence
Totally fecal incontinence
45 16
114 10
85 30
64 82
8.70 3.09
22.05 1.93
16.44 5.80
12.38 15.86
4.2 The percentage of group 1, group 2, and group 3 was 87.3, 8.1 and 4.5, respectively in males
and 83.8, 9.8 and 6.4, respectively in females. see table 2
Table 2 Number and percentage of dependency level identification by gender
Gender Dependency level
p- value
Group 1 Group 2
Group 3 .503
Number Number
Number Percentage
Percentage Percentage
Male 193
18 10
87.30 8.10
4.50 Female
248 29
19 83.80
9.80 6.40
Total 441
47 29
85.30 9.10
5.60 4.3 The percentage of group 1, group 2, and
group 3 was 93.10, 5.30, and 1.60, respectively in 60-69 years of age, 65.60, 10.60, and 4.50,
respectively in 69-79 years of age, and 65.60, 16.10 and 18.30, respectively, respectively in 89 years.
see table 3 Table 3 Number and percentage of dependency level
identification by age
Age Dependency level
P- value
Group 1 Group 2
Group 3 .000
Number Number
Number Percentage
Percentage Percentage
60-69 228
13 4
93.10 5.30
1.60 70-79
152 19
8 84.90
10.60 4.50
79 61
15 17
65.60 16.10
18.30 Total
441 47
29 85.30
9.10 5.60
4.4 The percentage of older people who were dependent was 3.8 for feeding, 5.2 for dressing,
5.6 for bathing grooming, 5.2 for toileting, 5.4 for mobility in house, 10.0 for cooking, 13.8 for
house cleaning, 12.2 for out-of-house mobility, 8.3 for using money, and 13.2 for using public
transport, respectively. see table 4
Table 4 Number and percentage of elderly people identification by dependency level
Dependence activity
Dependency level Male
Female Total
221 296
517
Number Number
Number Percentage
Percentage Percentage
Feeding Group 1
214 283
497 96.80
95.60 96.10
Group 2 4
5 9
1.80 1.70
1.70 Group 3
3 8
11 1.40
2.70 2.10
Dressing Group 1
212 278
490 95.90
93.90 94.80
Group 2 4
4 8
1.80 1.80
1.50 Group 3
5 14
19 2.30
4.70 3.70
Bathing grooming
Group 1 210
278 488
95.00 93.90
94.40 Group 2
Group 3 11
18 29
5.00 6.10
5.60
Education and Leadership in Glocalization : What does “think globally, act locally” mean for education around the world?
21-24
2014
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Table 4 Number and percentage of elderly people identification by dependency level cont.
Dependence activity
Dependency level Male
Female Total
221 296
517
Number Number
Number Percentage
Percentage Percentage
Toileting
Group 1 211
279 490
95.50 94.30
94.80 Group 2
2 2
0.70 0.40
Group 3 10
15 25
4.50 5.10
4.80
Mobility in house
Group 1 211
278 489
95.50 93.90
94.60 Group 2
1 3
4 0.50
1.0 0.80
Group 3 9
15 24
4.10 5.10
4.60
Cooking
Group 1 201
264 465
91.00 89.20
89.90 Group 2
1 1
0.30 0.20
Group 3 20
31 51
9.04 10.50
9.86
House cleaning
Group 1 189
257 446
85.50 86.80
86.30 Group 2
3 2
5 1.40
0.60 1.0
Group 3 29
37 66
13.10 12.50
12.80
out-of-house mobility
Group 1 202
252 454
91.40 85.10
87.80 Group 2
1 1
2 0.50
0.30 0.40
Group 3 18
43 61
8.10 14.50
11.80
using money
Group 1 206
267 473
93.20 90.50
91.70 Group 2
Group 3 15
28 43
6.80 9.50
8.30
using public transport
Group 1 195
254 449
88.20 85.80
86.80 Group 2
3 3
6 1.40
1.0 1.20
Group 3 23
39 62
10.40 13.20
12.00
5. Discussion
