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Table 4 Number and percentage of elderly people identification by dependency level cont.
Dependence activity
Dependency level Male
Female Total
221 296
517
Number Number
Number Percentage
Percentage Percentage
Toileting
Group 1 211
279 490
95.50 94.30
94.80 Group 2
2 2
0.70 0.40
Group 3 10
15 25
4.50 5.10
4.80
Mobility in house
Group 1 211
278 489
95.50 93.90
94.60 Group 2
1 3
4 0.50
1.0 0.80
Group 3 9
15 24
4.10 5.10
4.60
Cooking
Group 1 201
264 465
91.00 89.20
89.90 Group 2
1 1
0.30 0.20
Group 3 20
31 51
9.04 10.50
9.86
House cleaning
Group 1 189
257 446
85.50 86.80
86.30 Group 2
3 2
5 1.40
0.60 1.0
Group 3 29
37 66
13.10 12.50
12.80
out-of-house mobility
Group 1 202
252 454
91.40 85.10
87.80 Group 2
1 1
2 0.50
0.30 0.40
Group 3 18
43 61
8.10 14.50
11.80
using money
Group 1 206
267 473
93.20 90.50
91.70 Group 2
Group 3 15
28 43
6.80 9.50
8.30
using public transport
Group 1 195
254 449
88.20 85.80
86.80 Group 2
3 3
6 1.40
1.0 1.20
Group 3 23
39 62
10.40 13.20
12.00
5. Discussion
In our population-based study of people aged 60-69 and older were dependence in 1 or more ADLs
at 6.9 - 34.40 of the population. Significantly, the number of older people who were dependency was
increasing with increasing age both of male and female older. The dependence in performed advanced
activities 8.30-13.80 which more than basic activities 3.80-5.60.
These show that
recognition of this trend forecasts for the next 3-5 years are consigned.
The dependence in such ADLs, especially advanced activities, believe that the complications of
those remarkable restrictions on movement harsh other ADLs and their chronic diseases
—hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, heart, and musculo-
skeletal problems that we should take the matter into consideration.
As we address to those vascular diseases in the elderly whenever vascular dementia is remembered.
Wherewith, cross-sectional studies have consistently reported that dementia is a powerful contributor to
functional disability in the elderly. Thus, dementia is the strongest determinant for
developing functional disability and functional decline, independent of the presence of
other chronic diseases. Moreover, because of the high frequency of dementia in the very old, half of the
functional dependence developed was attributable to this debilitating condition.
Hedda Aguero et. al., 1998. In this study intent upon raise awareness of the situation in
the population. The study shows that
family as a unit care for the dependent elderly in Thailand
– most seniors live with their parents, including parents, spouses, children, and
descendant, are presently ambitious the family potential for care and determine the dilemmatic
caring. Particularly, increasing of healthy life expectancy is uncertain due to the possible interaction
with chronic diseases and therapeutic progress for disease whether the family can provide and enquire
older dependants have long-term care need.
6. Conclusion
The intervention of dependency as an individual attribute or a product of social relations particular the
family care. The family system is the best one for holistic approach, consequently Thai society should
recapitulate for reasonable in care of the older. Suitable information of dependency level should be
done currently. As a while, professional nurse organization, nurse administrators, nurse provider,
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and nursing academic should together determine standard and work to handle elderly situation
people cover seniors all of group 1,2, and 3
emphasize upon to raise awareness of chronic disease caring system in
the community . Especially, the care and rehabilitation
of the elderly who have problems with mobility cover bathing, dressing, feeding, and toileting.
Moreover, d
ependency has especial significance for older people living at particular stages of their life course that
interact with and exacerbate the e ffects of age-related
disabilities. In this respect, the local policy establishes attention to the welfare state should create and
legitimise dependency amongst older adequate daily allowance and ADLs services support particularly
using public transport, using public transport.
References
Hedda Aguero, MD, PhD. And others. 1998.Dementia Is the Major Cause of Funtional Dependence in the
Elderly: 3-Year Follow-up Data From a Population-Based Study. Amercan Jounal of Public
Health, 8810, 52-56.
Linjong Phothipal and others. 2010. Capacity development, community activists, other sectors
of the country. In long-term care for the elderly
people. Thailand: Institute of Health Science Chiang Mai University.
Michael Fine Caroline Glendinning. 2005. Dependency, independence or inter-depence?
Revisiting the concepts of care and dependency. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
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Development Model for Knowledge Management and Innovation Competencies of Academic Resources and Information Technology Center Rajabhat University
Mudchalin Pholkla
1
Whatsan Atisubda
2
Chitchanok Chengchow
3
Imjit Lertpongsombat
Abstract
The
purposes of this research were 1 to study the basis of knowledge management and
innovation competencies, 2to study the relationship between of knowledge management and innovation competencies, and 3 to study the supportive factors for the models of knowledge management
and innovation competencies of Academic Resources and Information Technology Center, Rajabhat Universities.
The samples were collected from 40 Academic Resources and Information Technology Centers of Rajabhat universities. The methodology used in this research is the mixed methods between quantitative and qualitative
methods. The study was divided into fourth phases. The first phase was to study the basis of knowledge management and innovation competencies, second phase was to study the relationship between knowledge
management, innovation competencies, and the supportive factors. The third phase was to develop the model, while the fourth phase was to evaluate models of knowledge management
and innovation competencies.
The research results obtained from first and second phases indicated that most of the organizations have conducted plans for knowledge management competencies with specific objectives and
3-4 years of operational times; within the organizations, the plans are managed by expert groups and supported with the sufficient funding. For innovation management, the research result showed that most of
organizations do not have specific objective, personnel in charge of innovative management, and funding. All of the organizations have been employing the levels of knowledge management. However the organizations
have plans for the levels of innovation management but they have not been employed. The study found that the relationship between knowledge management and innovation competencies is moderate. The
relationships between supportive factors of knowledge management and knowledge management competencies, as well as between supportive factors of innovation and innovation competencies were found
to be at moderate levels.
Keyword :
Knowledge management, Innovation, Knowledge management competencies, Innovation competencies,
______________________________________________
1
Doctoral Candidate Educational Leadership and Innovation, Tel : +668 5595 1102 e-mail: moolin8hotmail.com
2
Ph.D. Faculty of Education, Assistant Professor,
3
Ph.D. Faculty of Education, Associate Professor,
4
Associate Professor Faculty of liberal arts and Social Sciences
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1.
Introduction
Knowledge management is the process of developing and effectively using knowledge of
people and organizations. The process is important for the development of organizations
expands capacity competencies of people in organizations using teamwork and learning
together system. The 21st century is the era that focuses on
human resource development knowledge base. Knowledge management in organizations is a
coupling process between management system and learning development processes. The
management can be done through many processes: a process of knowledge identification,
knowledge creation and acquisition, knowledge organization, knowledge codification and
refinement, knowledge access, knowledge sharing and learning, which can be applied into
the organization resulting in the circulation of knowledge across the organization.
Nonaka, 1991; Wiig, 1993; Wilkins, et al 1997; Milton et al.,
1999; Ergazakis et al., 2004; Vichan Phanit, 2003;
Office of The Public Sector Development Commission,2005
Knowledge management facilitates interaction between people who work together both in the
same organization and different organizations to improve working method, thus the organization
can have a successful result Vichan Phanit,
2003 . and can use the concept of
knowledge management to lead cutting edge technology to
build knowledge or innovation. To be a successful organization, the organization must encourage
and build the relation between people within the organization, the employee must understand
organization operation system and organization’s vision. This will lead to achieve the purpose of the
organization and to become innovative organization.
To be an innovative organization , the organizations must have the following basic
principles: 1 determine objectives, a clear strategy to focus on the innovative organization, 2
create a culture within the organization to be the reinvention organization, 3 create the atmosphere
in the organization to contribute the creation 4 the leader of the organization must build an
organization to be a learning organization Sasiprapa Chaiprasit, 2011.
This research was studied the performance of knowledge management with performance
innovation, factors related to knowledge management, and innovation within the Library
and Information Technology in Rajabhat University which
consists of product innovation, process innovation and service innovation. This research
also studied the factors that influence knowledge management and innovation. The questionnaire
was used to study and evaluate the knowledge
management system, innovation
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competencies and the factors that affect the system of Academic Resources Center and
Information Technology, Rajabhat University. The result will support and enhance the improvement
of the knowledge management system and innovative competencies of the organization.
Thus, the innovative and learning organization can be achieved.
2.Purpoese of the Research
The purposes of this research were 1
To study the basis of knowledge management and innovation competencies.
2 To study the relationship between of
knowledge management and innovation competencies.
3 To study the supportive factors and their
effects on the models of knowledge management and innovation competencies
4 To present the model of knowledge
management and innovation competencies of
Academic Resources and Information Technology Center, Rajabhat Universities.
The samples were collected from 40 Academic Resources and Information
Technology Centers of Rajabhat universities. The methodology used in this research is the mixed
methods between quantitative and qualitative methods.
3. Research Methodology
