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that there were some teachers not understand the citizenship. They could not arrange the activity regard to
the objective. At the same time, the teachers lacked the assessment on the students’ citizenship by several
methods. So, the data might not reflect the reality. The measuring instrument could not measure the real
behavior and the teachers’ instructional arrangement. The teachers had the instructions without any focuses on
the standard of learning and indicators. 3 The arrangement of the activity promoting the students’
citizenship: there were not any arrangements of the activity emphasizing on making the behavior of the
citizenship to the students. Most activities arranged by the schools had the aims which did not emphasize the
students’ citizenship, but when the activities were finished, they could relate to the behavior of the
students’ citizenship as the opinion of the director 4 expressing that “…The school has not had any activity
focusing on the citizenship directly, but the school arranges many activities and those activities could take
the citizenship behavior into themselves...”.
From the results, it was clear to say that there were some problems happened in the schools in the
management administration towards the students’ citizenship in the primary schools under Songkhla
Primary Education Service Area Office 3. They . were from the school administrators who did not determine a
clear policy and did not monitor the management continually, the teachers who did not understand the
detail of the citizenship and did not assess the students’ citizenship with several methods relating to the research
result of Palintorn Phetrit 2007saying that in the assessment of the instructional arrangement, the teachers
employed several methods making the teachers not knowing the real results taken from the students, and the
problems caused by the arrangement of the activity promoting the students’ citizenship. The schools had not
arranged any activities or projects aiming to the students’ citizenship specifically. Therefore, those problems might
be hard to solve, but every stakeholders have to cooperate in solving them.
3.2 The problems outside the schools: For the
problems outside the schools in the management administration towards the students’ citizenship, the
researcher could analyze and summarize the issues as following. 1The problem of policy: Each proclaimed
policy to the schools was not continually managed as the school director 2 saying that “…creating the citizenship
to the students was an old policy, but it was not monitored by the original affiliation. Then, it caused
some schools ignore to continue it…”. 2 The problem from the original affiliation: Another significant problem
of the management towards the students’ citizenship was form the original affiliation. The original affiliation did
not support the factors to the schools such as the budget and knowledgeable persons. The school director 1, 2 and
4 said that “ In arranging the activity promoting the students’ citizenship, the schools need help from the
original affiliation in terms of the budget and knowledgeable persons to assist in giving suggestion
which is an interest for the schools.” 3 The problem involving with the context of family and community:
The condition of family and community affected the citizenship behavior of the students as the school director
6 saying that “ Some students are seriously taught by the teachers to speak politely and avoid vulgar language, but
when they leave the school, they are new environment where they meet another group of people who use dirty
words. It makes the teaching less effective or it might delay the effective result of the teaching…”.
From the result, it showed that the problems outside the schools in the management administration
towards the students’ citizenship in the schools under the primary schools under Songkhla Primary Education
Service Area Office 3 were the issue of the policy. It was not consistently managed. Poolchai Yavirat. 2007.said
that the success or achievement of the policy in long term can be occurred by consistent management of the
policy. The problem from the original affiliation was also discussed. The original affiliation did not support
the factors for the schools in order to arrange the citizenship of the learners Therefore, the schools had to
administrate and determine the policy of the schools clearly with the focus of the students’ citizenship. The
project of the students’ citizenship should be continually considered in the annually official action plan. For the
resources, it was necessary to employ the ability of the school administrators in collecting the resources to
support the project. The problem of the contexts of family and community was caused by the lack of
understanding and ability in promoting the students’ citizenship. However, the schools can teach such knowledge
to family and community by encouraging them to participate in determining the policy, project and activity
to promote the students’ citizenship and make them learn about the roles in promoting the students’ citizenship.
Conclusion
The findings could be concluded that for the conditions of the management towards the students’
citizenship, the schools had not had any project and activity to promote the citizenship, but the schools could
conduct the citizenship behavior to be the result produced by the project and activities management.
There were the instructional arrangement about the citizens’ roles in the subject area of Social Study,
Religious and Culture, but it had not been integrated with other subject area obviously. For the activity
arrangement promoting the students’ citizenship, the schools had not had any specific project or activity, but
there were some activities which were consistently run every day and the students did those activities as a habit
such as respecting the teachers when they met the teachers both in and out the schools etc. For the
regulations of the management towards the students’ citizenship, the schools should determine a policy on the
students’ citizenship clearly and inform the personnel including the students. A plan, project and activity for
the students’ citizenship promotion should be set. The administrators should consistently monitor those actions.
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In the instructional arrangement, the teachers had to study the curriculum’s content, the standard of learning
and the expected learning results in order to implement them to arrange a lesson plan with various methods of
evaluation. Moreover, there were activities promoting the citizenship in several aspects arranged following the
operation calendar of the schools. For the problems in promoting the management towards the students’
citizenship, they were the problems produced by the internal factors and the external factors of the schools.
The internal factors involved with the administrators, teachers and the arrangement of the activities promoting
the students’ citizenship. The external factors were relevant to the problems caused from the policy, the
original affiliation office, family and community.
Suggestions
1. The conditions of the management towards the students’ citizenship. The schools have to make the
project involving with establishing the students’ citizenship and put the project in the yearly action plan
of the schools and the schools’ curriculum.
2. The regulations in the management towards the students’ citizenship conducted by the school
administrators. The development towards the students’ citizenship should be clearly emphasized.
3. The problems in the management towards the citizenship. The school administrators and teachers
must be developed, know and understand the citizenship, and see the citizenship as important. Also, family and
community have to participation in the students’ citizenship promotion.
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Education and Leadership in Glocalization : What does “think globally, act locally” mean for education around the world?
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Stress and Strategies to Reduce Stress in Personnel’s Job Performance Prince of
Songkla University, Pattani Campus
Chawalit Kerdtip, Prapaiporn Jaiyen
This research was a mixed method. The purposes of this research were to 1 investigate the levels of stress in personnel’s job
performance in Prince of Songkla University PSU, Pattani Campus 2 compare the level of stress in personnel’s job performance in
PSU, Pattani Campus with personal factors such as sex, age, marital status and work experience and 3 propose strategies to reduce stress
in personnel’s job performance in PSU, Pattani Campus. The samples were 303 personnel and 8 key informants in PSU, Pattani
Campus. The research instruments were a questionnaire and interview. The quantitative data were analyzed through the
applications of percentage, mean, standard deviation, F-test and multivariate analysis. And the qualitative data were analyzed
through content analysis. The study findings were as follows
The research results found that the stress in personnel’s job performance in PSU, Pattani Campus as a whole was at a moderate
level. The stress in personnel’s job performance in PSU, Pattani Campus with different sex, age, status and experiences as a whole
were not different. The strategies to reduce stress in personnel’s job performance in PSU, Pattani Campus are organised meeting of
board of considering before annual job review,a clear policy, being consistent with the practice, having concise communication to all
staff and manpower should be allocated to meet the workload.
Corresponding author: skyslidinghotmail.com
Education and Leadership in Glocalization : What does “think globally, act locally” mean for education around the world?
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The Preparedness of Tambon Health Promoting Hospital
for Elderly Care Supporting.
Pimpawan Rueangphut
Boromarajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Si Thammarat, Mueang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
ying.pimhotmail.com
Wandee Kaewsaeng-on
Boromarajonani College of Nursing Nakhon Si Thammarat, Mueang, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.
Wandee129yahoo.com
Abstract
The Objective of this study was to describe the opinions of elderly towards
the Preparedness of Tambon Health Promoting
Hospital for Elderly Care
Supporting. Two hundred and seventy-eight subjects in 9 villages of Nakean district, Mueang , Nakhon Si
Thammarat were randomly selected. The findings revealed that the
opinions of elderly towards the
Preparedness of Health Promoting District Hospital
for Elderly Care Supporting were at high level
Χ
4.15,SD 0.58. The highest was health care supporting
Χ
4.20, SD 0.56,the lower was social supporting
Χ
4.11, SD 0.67. The health care supporting items
found that the Tambon Health Promoting Hospital provide media of disease to prevent disease in
community was lowest, the lower were Knowledge to prevent the accidents in elderly
Χ
4.06, S.D 0.84. The social supporting items found that the hotline
health care was lowest
Χ
3.77, S.D 1.17, the lower which, were broad or poster of health care for elderly
Χ
3.83, S.D
1.04, Box commentproblem
management
Χ
3.91,S.D 0.91, Consulting Room for elderly care
Χ
3.99,S.D 0.96. This finding confirmed that the Tambon Health Promoting Hospital should
supporting in health care information, such as: hotline health care, broadposter of health care, providing
adequacy of resources, such as: consulting room, garden for relaxation, box comment and problem
management for the elderly in the community.
Key word
: Preparedness, Tambon Health Promoting Hospital
, Elderly Care
1. Introduction
