When can the impact of marine sanctuary be observed?

Pelajaran dari Pengalaman Proyek Pesisir 1997 - 2000 xix 9. What is the role of local government in the establishment of ma- rine sanctuary? Local government is expected to provide technical assistance and fund- ing during planning stage and implementation of marine sanctuary, imple- mentation of early actions, training and public education. Local gov- ernment should promote and facilitate planning process and implemen- tation and monitor the institution which giving assistance to local com- munity. Formal approval on location and regulation is expected from local government. 10. What is the role of extension officer? Extension officer has important roles on facilitating, promoting, orga- nizing planning process and implementation of marine sanctuary. At the early stage of marine sanctuary planning, extension officer is a coor- dinator to facilitate communication between government and local com- munity. Extension officer is responsible on capacity building and com- munity leadership on planning and implementation. 11. What are the requirements for an extension officer? An extension officer must have appropriate skill to deal with public and strong commitment to facilitate the community. 12. Why are early actions needed in the development of marine sanc- tuary? Early actions are needed to build community support on the concept and implementation of marine sanctuary, building community trust and building community capacity in planning and management of marine sanctuary. Early actions also allow testing a strategy in developing ma- rine sanctuary; this can be considered a learning period. 13. What types of early actions are appropriate for community-based marine sanctuary? According to the objectives of early actions, type of early action is not important but must fulfill community needs and requirements for an early action. Therefore, building MCK, development of marine sanctu- ary information center, rehabilitation of drinking water supply, assis- tance to improve community income, etc. are selected as early actions. 14. Why it took such a long time to facilitate the establishment of marine sanctuary? As a facilitator in the preparation of marine sanctuary development, Proyek Pesisir needs to collaborate with and involve local community until marine sanctuary is well implemented. Proyek must be present in the village until local community is capable to handle the management of marine sanctuary. The management of marine sanctuary must be effective and run well before proyek is pull out from the village. Project intervention must be reduced gradually. 15. What is the participatory strategy applied in the establishment of marine sanctuary and why? Both informal and formal approach must be applied to accomodate community participation. Formal approach is applied by extension of- ficer during public meetings, discussion and presentation through for- mal institution in the village, including schools, religious groups, etc. Informal approach is applied by extension officer during social infor- mal activities, such as weeding party, birthday, etc., and during commu- nity economic activity, such as fishing or harvesting their crops. 16. How important the informal approach of participation? Informal approach for village community is more important than for formal approach because can be more effective. However, the former takes longer time. Pelajaran dari Pengalaman Proyek Pesisir 1997 - 2000 xx 17. What are the lessons from this activity? Coastal resources management using marine sanctuary approach can be adapted in Indonesia as its process works in North Sulawesi. The com- munity-based approach is relevant to reformed era and relevant to Undang Undang No. 221999. Therefore this community-based marine sanctuary models can be easily adapted in Indonesia.

B. DEVELOPMENT OF ECO-FRIENDLY BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE AND COMMUNITY-BASED MANGROVE

REHABILITATION IN PEMATANG PASIR, LAMPUNG SELATAN 1. What is an eco-friendly brackish aquaculture? An aquaculture activity which is sustained small-scale business targeting small level productivity, designed according to ecological carrying ca- pacity using technology suitable for local community, does not use pol- luting materials. 2. What is the meaning of ‘ community–based’? Community is the main player at every stage of management develop- ment but with coordination with other stakeholders, e.g. local govern- ment agencies. 3. What is the philosophical background of development of com- munity-based eco-friendly brackish aquaculture and mangrove rehabilitation? · sustainability of social economic and environmental aspects of the business; · popular among community where design and activities are reflection of needs, capacity and commitment among the community according to local situation and environmental condition. 4. What are the objectives of this program? · to develop an example of approach of integrated coastal management where local community is the main player in the utilization of mangrove area as sustainable aquaculture. · to promote and position community responsibility on protection and conservation of natural resources through their awareness and participation. 5. What is the strategy applied to achieve this program? · developing brackish ponds with moderate target less than 10.000 fryhectare. The main objective is business sustainability based on potential and carrying capacity of local environment by protecting local environment. · to develop a mechanism of community-based mangrove rehabilitation; 6. What is the goal of that strategy? Development of efficient techniques of brackish pond aquaculture and community-based mangrove rehabilitation. 7. What is the expected outcome of this program? · To improve community awareness on the importance of mangrove in promoting sustainability of brackish water aquaculture; · To improve community capacity in exploring potentials and identi fying problems and develop appropriate programs; · To improve community capacity in negotiating to developing commitment to improve common programs. · To improve confident and capability in developing, application and socialization of sustainable program in daily activity. 8. Why community participation is considered important? · active participation will build community confidence on their capability;