Pelajaran dari Pengalaman Proyek Pesisir 1997 - 2000 xvii
19. Darimana sebaiknya sumber dana untuk kegiatan penyusunan profil?
Pada prinsipnya, kegiatan penyusunan profil ini melibatkan sumberdaya dana dan tenaga dari berbagai pihak. Dalam contoh ini, sebagian besar
dana dan tenaga ahli berasal dari Proyek Pesisir. Sumberdaya lain berasal dari pemerintah daerah, masyarakat lokal, lembaga swadaya masyarakat,
perguruan tinggi dan perusahaan swasta serta pihak-pihak lain. Hal ini tergantung pada kesepakatan pihak-pihak yang terlibat.
20. Apa manfaat kegiatan penyusunan profil?
Kegiatan penyusunan profil bermanfaat untuk membangun partisipasi stakeholder di tahap selanjutnya, untuk perencanaan pembangunan daerah
dan untuk membangun forum penentuan pengelolaan pesisir.
Kegiatan penyusunan profil ini memberikan manfaat besar karena membangun dukungan serta partisipasi masyarakat dan berbagai pihak
dalam mewujudkan upaya pengelolaan sumberdaya, menyediakan informasi dasar yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk penyusunan rencana
pengelolaan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang lingkungannya. Melalui partisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan penyusunan
profil, masyarakat mengetahui isu-isu masalah dan peluang, penyebab isu, akibat yang ditimbulkan dan mengetahui strategi penanganan isu-
isu tersebut. Kegiatan penyusunan profil ini memberikan kesempatan kepada
pemerintah daerah, baik kecamatan, tingkat I maupun II, untuk mengetahui permasalahan dan peluang secara lebih rinci. Informasi
tersebut bagi pemerintah sangat penting untuk merencanakan pembangunan yang efektif, bermanfaat dan diperlukan oleh masyarakat.
Kegiatan penyusunan profil ini memberikan pengalaman dalam membangun forum perwakilan berbagai stakeholder dalam pengambilan
keputusan dan kebijakan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir. Komunikasi antar stakeholder untuk mencapai kesepakatan bersama merupakan contoh
bagaimana suatu keputusan dibuat dan semua pihak memiliki komitmen terhadap keputusan tersebut.
Pelajaran dari Pengalaman Proyek Pesisir 1997 - 2000 xviii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNTY BASED MARINE SANCTUARY IN BLONGKO, MINAHASA, SULAWESI
UTARA
1. What is a marine sanctuary?
A marine sanctuary is an area assigned permanently as ‘no-taking zone” where extractive activity is not permitted. Strict regulation is applied
for fishing in its buffer zone surrounding it.
2. What is a community-based marine sanctuary?
A marine sanctuary that is planned and managed by local community with a collaboration with local government.
3. What is the benefit of a marine sanctuary to local community?
By establishment of a marine sanctuary, fish landings especially reef- associated fish will increase, tourism objects will be maintained, and
local community has capability to plan and manage their resources.
4. What is the role of a marine sanctuary to conservation and protec- tion of marine life?
A marine sanctuary will promote abundance of marine biota, coral cov- erage, species richness and biodiversity, and protection of coral reefs,
seagrass beds and mangrove habitats.
5. How long does it take to establish a marine sanctuary? why?
It needs at least one year to establish a marine sanctuary. An effective marine sanctuary requires great participation and supports from local
community. Hence, to build such community attitude takes a lot of time. If the preparation of a marine sanctuary is less than one year, its
sustainability and effectivity are difficult to achieve or maintained. Ex- perience of other countries, such as Philippines, shows that building
local community commitment and capacity in marine sanctuary man- agement required a long period of time.
6. How is a location of a marine sanctuary selected?
A location of a marine sanctuary is decided by community based on a compromise among scientific- technical considerations and community
needs. Some criteria for selecting a location of a marine sanctuary: its area is about 30 of the total coral reefs; coral coverage is dominated
by living corals; distance from settlement is not too far to enable local community to monitor it; it is not an important location for direct use,
i.e. fishing ground, for local community.
7. When can the impact of marine sanctuary be observed?
Increase in fish abundancce, biodiversity and improvement of coral cov- erage can be seen at least one year after its establishment. Until now,
there is no example from Indonesia . However, experiences in Philip- pines and South Pacific show that increased fish production is signifi-
cant after 3 to 5 years.
8. What is expected role of local community during the process of development of a marine sanctuary and its implementation?
During the process, local community is expected to make decision on location and size of the sanctuary, types of activity permitted in the
sanctuary, control, punishment for disobedient of the rule, management organization, maintenance of border signs and floats, monitoring and
evaluation and in-kind contribution to the development of marine sanc- tuary.
