Why early involvement of local government in the program imple- mentation is important?

Pelajaran dari Pengalaman Proyek Pesisir 1997 - 2000 xxii of a coastal area or zone is a general description on issues relevant to coastal resources management. A profile is an output of profiling ac- tivities. A profile can be in the forms of printed matters, such as maps and books, or electronic, such as compact disc, video cassettes, or photo slides. 2. What is an issue? An issue is a condition or situation that community wants to change. Needs of changing is implemented as utilization of potentials or prob- lem solution. There are positive and negative issues. The former is utilization of potential identified by the community and the latter are problems that requires solutions. 3. What is an issue-based profile? An issue-based profile is issues relevant to utilization of potentials and problems that need solution in the context of resources management. 4. What is the purposes of issue-based profile? Issue-based profile is useful: a as a basis for development of strategic planning of resources management; b as a baseline data to measure the impact of management initiatives; c improvement of local knowledge on their environment; d to develop a public forum for resources man- agement and build stakeholder participation; e to build commitment among stakeholders. 5. Who are involved in the profiling activity? A wide range of community, from provincial to village levels, in the forum of stakeholder representatives, experts from universities and con- sultant firms, local government agencies, non government organizations and private companies. Types of participation and their roles varies among groups, according to their commitment. 6. How they participate in the profiling activity? In general, there are three types of roles of participant: a providing data or information Group A; b providing datainformation and ac- tively participated in data collection Group B; c providing datainfor- mation, participated in data collection and actively engaged in data analy- sis. In North Sulawesi, group A consisted of NGO and private compa- nies, group B consisted of local government agencies and universities, group C consisted of village community. In Kalimantan Timur and Lampung, group A consisted of community and private companies, group B consisted of NGO and group C consisted of universities and con- sultant firms. 7. How are profiling activities facilitated by Proyek Pesisir? In general, profiling activities in the three project field sites consisted of preparation, implementation, approval and production, dissemination steps and use of profile after production. Atlas of Lampung coastal resources As this paper is being written, profile developed by Lampung coastal stakeholders has been printed and distributed to public. In general, profile development consisted of : 1 consultative meetings with stake- holders, 2 training for project staffs and partners involved in profiling activities, 3 preliminary surveys and review on secondary data, 4 se- lection of types of information to be included in the profile. After data and information collected, next steps are 1 development of basic map manually, 2 field surveys, 3 data analysis, 4 development of basic and thematic maps using digitations system, 5 drafting the atlas, and 6 data verification by stakeholders in workshops, public meetings, and distribution of the draft for review. Approval of the atlas is made by stakeholders after their acceptance on the contents of the atlas. Formal approval is made by Governor of Lampung.