2.3.2. Variabel TQM dalam Penelitian Sebelumnya
Beberapa penelitian terdahulu yang menggunakan variabel TQM seperti ditunjukkan pada Tabel 2.3 berikut ini.
Tabel 2.3. Frekuensi Pemakaian Variabel TQM pada Penelitian Sebelumnya
Variabel Frekuensi
Pemakaian
TrainingEmployee InvolvenmentEmployee
EmpowermentEmployee FullfillmentTeamworkHuman resouces management
59 Quality data Repotingquality measurenmentBench markingInformation
and analisis Quality Information Usage 46
Process ManagementProcess
ControlInventory ReductonStatistical
Process Control usage 46
Visionary leadershipTop Management Leadership for qualityTop management ComitmentSenior Executive Involvenment
45 Product and service designDesign Quality managementDesign
Quality ManagementDesign and Conformance 38
Customer focusCustomer OrientationQuality Culture 38
Supplier quality ManagementSupplier Relationship 26
Strategic PlanningStrategic Quality PlanningQuality Policies 16
Role of Quality Department 10
Continous ImprovementLearning 6
Employee RelationsEmployee
FocusEmployee SatisfactionEmployee
Satisfaction Employee selectioncompensationQuality Citizenship 18
Catatan: Terbanyak dipakai yang diberi tanda garis bawah Sumber: Choy 2002
Sedangkan nama variabel yang paling sering digunakan menurut Kanji dan Wallace 2000, seperti ditunjukkan tabel berikut.
pdf M a chine - is a pdf w r it e r t h a t pr odu ce s qu a lit y PD F file s w it h e a se
Ge t you r s n ow
“ Thank you very m uch I can use Acrobat Dist iller or t he Acrobat PDFWrit er bu t I consider your pr oduct a lot easier t o use and m uch pr efer able t o Adobes A.Sar r as - USA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Tabel 2.4. Nama Variabel TQM yang Dipakai pada Penelitian Sebelumnya
Variabel Konstruk TQM
Sarap et al
1989 Hug and
Stolen 1998
Silvestro 1998 Rao
et al
1999 Kanji and
Wallace 2000
Visionary Leadership Choy,
2002 V
V V
V V
Customer Focus X
V V
V V
Service Design V
X V
V V
Quality Measurenment
V V
V V
V Quality people
V V
Empowerment, CI
V V
Process Management
V V
Elimination of waste, CI
X V
Others Quality Dept
Supplier management
Performance appraisal
Super Quality
Sumber: Kanji dan Wallace 2000
pdf M a chine - is a pdf w r it e r t h a t pr odu ce s qu a lit y PD F file s w it h e a se
Ge t you r s n ow
“ Thank you very m uch I can use Acrobat Dist iller or t he Acrobat PDFWrit er bu t I consider your pr oduct a lot easier t o use and m uch pr efer able t o Adobes A.Sar r as - USA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1. Kerangka Kerja
Kerangka kerja dalam penelitian ini seperti digambarkan berikut ini:
Tahap Kesatu Kualitatif Exploratif
Mengindentifikasi konstruk dan Variabel Kepemimpinan
Mutu RSUP RSUD
Sampel: 2 rumah sakit H. Adam Malik P. Siantar
Instrumen: Pedoman wawancara Wawancara Observasi mendalam
Pengolahan data: Editing, Transkrip Analisis Data: Content Analysis
Tahap Kedua Kuantitatif Konfirmasi
5 RSU Rujukan Sampel: 5 Rumah sakit
Instrumen: Checklist Menguji realibitas dan validitas konstruk,
konsep. Menguji
hipotesa yaitu
dengan konfirmasi setiap variabel yang didapat.
Gambar 3.1. Kerangka Kerja KONFIRMASI MODEL
Model
pdf M a chine - is a pdf w r it e r t h a t pr odu ce s qu a lit y PD F file s w it h e a se
Ge t you r s n ow
“ Thank you very m uch I can use Acrobat Dist iller or t he Acrobat PDFWrit er bu t I consider your pr oduct a lot easier t o use and m uch pr efer able t o Adobes A.Sar r as - USA
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Kategori