PETUNJUK BELAJAR kumpulan modul plpg mapel bahasa inggris rayon universitas negeri semarang tahun 2008

BAB II KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1

A. KOMPETENSI DAN INDIKATOR

By the end of Kegiatan Belajar 1, the participants will gain a working knowledge in dealing with forms, functions, and usages of nouns, pronouns and some nominal constructions and will be able to use them correctly in different contexts both in written and oral forms.

B. URAIAN MATERI NOUNS

1. Some grammatical terms related to nouns: - Noun: a naming word used for a person, place, thing, idea, quality, activity, such as Susan, school, book, etc. Nouns are used to function as subjects, objects of verbs, objects of prepositions, complements, appositives. The boy kicks the ball. the boy = S; the ball = O of V They are students. students = C Tuti, the best student, came early. the best student = appositive - Noun phrase: a word or a group of words that acts or functions as a noun in a larger construction such as clause or sentence. - Collective noun: a noun that stands for many individuals. team, jury, audience, cattle, crowd, etc. - Count noun: a noun that can be totaled, numbered, or counted. a book Æ ten books. - Noncount noun: a noun that are abstract in quality or quantity, that is, that cannot be totaled, numbered, or counted. coffee, love, intelligence. - Pronoun: a word used in place of a noun or a noun phrase, usually to avoid repetition. Pronouns designate nouns without naming them. Mary thought she had more time. - Relative pronoun: a pronoun that introduces a dependent clause and that refers to some antecedent. Mr. Lee is the cartoonist whom I mentioned.

2. Functions of noun or nominal structure:

a. subject of verb John loves Mary. b. object of verb - direct object John loves Mary. - indirect object John sent Mary money - retained object Mary was sent some money. c. object of preposition I took it from John. d. complement - subjective complement John is the captain. - objective complement They elected John captain e. Noun adjunct John waited at the bus stop. f. appositive John, captain of his class, gave a speech. g. vocative direct address John, come here.

3. Collective nouns are all singular in form but may be singular or plural in usage.

a. If a collective noun is used so that we think of the entire group, it takes a singular verb. My family always goes on vacation in August. b. If a collective noun is used so that we think of the members of the group as individuals, it takes a plural verb. The family were brought to the restaurant one by one.