2. Suggested titles: 1. How to plant a banana tree
2. How to make ketupat 3. How to make fried rice from rice grain
3. Note for tutor: Title of the composition can be determined by each tutor
Example of directive procedural text:
How to Make Ketupat
Several days before the Iedul Fitri lebaran the Indonesian people prepare foods for celebrating the happy day. One of the foods is
called ketupat. Do you know how to make ketupat? If you don’t know how to make it, here is a recipe for you.
First, make ketupat frames if you have the material, that is young coconut leaves. If you don’t have any, buy ………………….
Second, .………………….. Third, ………………….The next step, …………….
C. Exercise on Writing
Participants of the training are supposed to continue the unfinishedprocedure above or make a different composition either with
the same or different genres.
D. Summary of the Writing Activity
At the end of the writing activity, the participants of this training are supposed to be able write a well-formed composition of either one of
the various genres of writing such as procedure, narrative, descriptive, etc.
KEY TO EXERCISES
Listening Activity Exercise 1 On selections
1. B
6. D
2. C
7. A
3. C
8. A
4. D 9. D
5. D 10. B
Exercise 2 On Reversals
1. C 6. D
2. B
7. A
3. C 8. D
4. D 9. C
5. B
10. A
Reading Activity Exercise 1 Hydrogen
1. A
6. D
2. D 7. D
3. C
8. B
4. B
9. D
5. B
10. B
Exercise 2 Mickey Mouse
1. A
6. A
2. B
7. D
3. B
8. C
4. A
9. D
5. A
10. B
GLOSSARY
A
accomplished pas., 25; achieve or obtain acclaimed pas., 21; praised or welcomed publicly
account for, 15; be the explanation or cause of sth. achieve, 17; to get, to attain
adapted, 24; changed sth. in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation
adequate, 2; enough in quantity, or good enough in quality adhere to, 24; stick firmly to sth.
advent, 25; the coming of an important invention printing alloy, 24; a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together, or
by mixing metal with another substance alterations, 18; changes to sth. that makes it different; the acts of making a
change to sth. ambivalence, 21; the state of having or showing good and bad feelings
about sb.sth.
ammonia n., 16; a gas NH
3
with a strong smell appealing, 18; attractive or interesting
assured pas., 21; be made certain to happen atmosphere, 16; the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth
B
brass, 24; a bright yellow metal made by mixing copper and zinc briefly, 21; shortly
buttons, 18; a small round piece of metal, plastic, etc. that is sewn onto a piece of clothing and used for fastening two parts together
C
ca. circa, 24; about, approximately capitalizing on, 18; taking the advantage of
cast pas., 24; shape
christened, 18; named chronicled, 21; recorded one’s experiences in order in which they
happened circled, 17; spread around
circumstances, 21; situations and events that affect and influence one’s life and that are not in one’s control
clay, 24; a type of heavy, sticky earth that becomes hard when it is baked and is
used to make things such as pots and bricks concerned about adj., 8; interested in sth.
copper, 24; a soft reddish brown metal used for making electric wires, pipes and coins
clerks, 24; persons whose job is to keep records or accounts in an office, council, etc.
crucial, 24; extremely important, because it will affect other things currently, 16; at present
D
debut, 17; the first public appearance of a performance or sports player denial, 22; a statement saying that sth. is not true or does not exists
dependable, 7; can be relied on designated pas., 15; shown by using a particular mark or sign
devise, 24; invent sth. new or a new way of doing sth. dissemination, 23; an act of spreading information, knowledge, etc. so that
it reaches many people distinguished, 18; recognized the difference between two people or things
distinguishable, 18; 1 very successful and admired by other people; 2 having an appearance that makes sb. Look important
or that makes people admire or respect them durable, 24; likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker
E
earn, 4; in an exam get a great that you deserve enabled, 24; make it possible for sb. to do sth.
exposure, 21; a state of being known by many people or involved in an activity
F
freighter, 21; a large ship that carries goods
G
gear, 5; 1 machinery in a vehicle that turns engine power into movement forwards or backwards; 2 a particular position of the gears in a
vehicle that gives a particular range of speed and power genre, 1; a particular type or style of writing, literature, art, film or music
that you can recognize because of its special features gloves, 18, coverings for the hand, made of wool, leather, etc. with
separate parts for each finger and the thumb good-natured, 18; having the quality of being king, friendly and patient in
dealing with people grin, 18; a wide smile
H
hollow, 24; having a hole or empty space inside hostile adj., 11; very unfriendly or aggressive and ready to argue or fight
hibiscus, 1; a kind of flower having read petals hydrogenation, 16, a process of turning into or making sth. by using
hydrogen
I
impression, 24; a mark which is left after an object is pressed hard into a surface
Interlude, 21; a period of time between two events during which sth. different happens
intervened, 18; became involved in a situation in order to improve or help it invented pas., 24; produced or designed sth. that has not existed before
L
linseed oil, 24; an ail made from flax seeds, used in paint or to protect wood, etc.
literacy, 25; the ability to read or write
M
metallurgy, 24; the scientific study of metals and their uses minted pas., 24; make a coin from metal
miracle, 18; an act or event that does not follow the laws of nature and isbelieved to be caused by God
molten, 24; heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes liquid monks, 24; members of religious group of men who often live apart from
other people in
a monastery
N
notably, 18; especially
O
owe, 6; have to pay sb. for sth. that you have already received or return the money that you have borrowed
owning, 24; possession
P
pervasive, 18; existing in all parts of a place or thing; spreading gradually to affect all parts of a place or thing
playwright, 20; a person who writes plays for the theater, television, or radio
poured, 24; made a liquid or other substance flow from a container in acontinuous stream
prerequisite, 1; sth. that must exist or happen before sth. else can happen or be done
preserve n, 24; an activity, a job, an interest, etc. that is thought to be suitable for one particular person or group of people
properties pl., 15, 16; a thing or things that are owned by sb.; possessions
proton physics, 15; a very small piece of matter purchase, 6; the act or process of buying sth.
R
recovering, 21 getting well again after being illsick, hurt, etc. rectangular, 24; having a fat shape with four straight sides, two of which
are longer than the other two, and four angles 90
o
recuperate, 21; to get back one’s health, strength or energy after being ill, tired, injured, etc.
refrigerants, 15, 16; agents that have a cooling effect reversals pl, 1, 5; changes of opinion
reverse, 5; a gear in a vehicle that goes backwards roster, 4; a list of people’s names joining an exam
S
sacred, 24; considered to be holy; very important and treated with great respect
scamper into, 18; move quickly with short light steps screws, 20; thin pointed pieces of metal like nails with a raised spiral
scribes, 24; persons who made copies of written documents before printing was invented
shuttle, 6; a bus that travels regularly between the airport and a certain place
speech act linguistics, 13; sth. that somebody says, considered as an action
stamped, 24; pressed suspect, 4; have an idea that sb. is guilty of sth.
T
tame, 17; not afraid of people, and used to living with them tarnish, 16; a thin layer on a surface of a metal that makes it look dull and
not bright tease, 8; make jokes about sb. either in a friendly way or in order to
annoy o embarrass himher temporal, 28; connected with or limited by time
U
universe, 13; the whole of space and everything in it, including the earth, the planets and the stars
V
vernacular, 24; of language, spoken in a particular are or by a particular group, especially one that is not the official or written
language victim, 21; a person who has bee attacked, injured or killed as the result of
a crime, a disease, an accident, etc. virtually, 24; almost or very nearly, so that any slight different is not
important voyages, 20 ; long journeys, especially by sea or in space
W
welding torches n., 15; tools that spurt out high-temperature fire used in cutting
or combining metals
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Goodman, R. B. and Ince, W. 1981. How to Prepare for the Test of English as a Foreign Language. Singapore: Travalgar House Publishing.
Pyle, M. A and Munoz, M. A. 1987. Cliff TOEFL Preparation Guide. Singapore: John Wiley Sons.
Sharp. P. J. Ed.. 1995. Barron’s TOEFL. Tangerang, Indonesia: Bina Aksara Publishing Co.
Sharp, P. J. Ed.. 2008. Barron’s Practice Exercises for the TOEFL. Tangerang, Indonesia: Bina Aksara Publishing Co.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A A Disk Containing English Dialogues
Available for participants
APPENDIX B Transcripts of the English Dialogues
Kept by Tutor
PENGEMBANGAN PROFESIONALITAS GURU
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
A. DESKRIPSI
This handout is a sort of a review of English grammar focusing on those areas commonly encountered as learning problems by non-native
learners of English. The materials are adapted from several sources such as Grammar Review Jenkins-Murphy, English Grammar for Today
Leech et. al., Modern English Frank. This brief grammar account is supposed to be a merely basic material for PLPG training. So, the training
instructors are kindly suggested to give quite a bulk of introduction to every topic discussed. They are also welcomed to add necessary learning
materials to gain better achievement. The book is devided into 3 learning activities Kegiatan Belajar.
Each learning activity contains a number of subtopics of discussion. For the ease of reference in using this book, each subtopic discussed is
consecutively given a number. The whole book consists of 54 topic numbers.
B. PRASYARAT
The participants of this training subject are supposed to be secondary-school teachers of English with education background of
Sarjana Pendidikan S1 and or the equivalents D4 majoring in English education.
C. PETUNJUK BELAJAR
1. Read carefully the Introduction so that you know exactly the competencies to gain through the Learning Activities that follow.
2. Read and understand well the material of each Learning Activity. Pay attention at the key words or grammatical terms that you are not really
familiar with. They may be checked in the Glossary.
3. Discuss any sections which constitute learning problems with your classmates for better understanding.
4. Try to do all of the exercises given in each of the sections. You may discuss the problems with your classmates or your instructor.
5. Do the formative test at the end of each Learning Activities by yourself. When you have finished the test, you can check your answers with the
key answers. Discussion may increase your mastery of the topics. 6. A careful planning and prompt action in using this book would be quite
helpful.
D. KOMPETENSI DAN INDIKATOR
Kompetensi umum yang diharapkan setelah anda mempelajari bahan ajar ini adalah penguasaan teoritis dan praktis gramatika bahasa Inggris
khususnya ranah yang menjadi cakupan materi pembelajaran di tingkat sekolah menengah SMPSMUMTSMASMK dan materi yang dapat
mendukung pengembangan kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas serta materi yang dapat menunjang pengembangan kompetensi diri guru.
Setelah mempelajari buku ajar ini diharapkan anda dapat: 1. menguasai bentuk, makna, fungsi, dan pemakaian nouns, pronouns
dan berbagai konstruksi nominal NP, NCl dalam berbagai konteks baik ragam tulis maupun lisan,
2. menguasai bentuk, makna, fungsi, dan pemakaian verbs, auxiliaries, dan berbagai konstruksi verb phrases dalam berbagai konteks tenses
and modality baik ragam tulis maupun lisan, 3. menguasai bentuk, makna, fungsi, dan pemakaian adjectives dan
adverbs dalam berbagai konteks baik ragam tulis maupun lisan, 4. menguasai bentuk, makna, fungsi, pemakaian articles dan prepositions
dalam berbagai konteks baik ragam tulis maupun lisan.
BAB II KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1
A. KOMPETENSI DAN INDIKATOR
By the end of Kegiatan Belajar 1, the participants will gain a working knowledge in dealing with forms, functions, and usages of nouns,
pronouns and some nominal constructions and will be able to use them correctly in different contexts both in written and oral forms.
B. URAIAN MATERI NOUNS
1. Some grammatical terms related to nouns: - Noun: a naming word used for a person, place, thing, idea, quality,
activity, such as Susan, school, book, etc. Nouns are used to function as subjects, objects of verbs, objects of prepositions,
complements, appositives. The boy kicks the ball. the boy = S; the ball = O of V
They are
students. students = C Tuti,
the best student, came early. the best student = appositive
- Noun phrase: a word or a group of words that acts or functions as a
noun in a larger construction such as clause or sentence. -
Collective noun: a noun that stands for many individuals.
team, jury, audience, cattle, crowd, etc. -
Count noun: a noun that can be totaled, numbered, or counted.
a book
Æ ten books.
- Noncount noun: a noun that are abstract in quality or quantity, that
is, that cannot be totaled, numbered, or counted.
coffee, love,
intelligence. -
Pronoun: a word used in place of a noun or a noun phrase, usually to
avoid
