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Ratna Sari Dewi SS MS
23
ABSTRACT
This study is the result of a literary research which is concerned with social vulnerability in the novel Kinanthi Terlahir Kembali written by Tasaro GK. The research focuses on the causing
factors of social vulnerability. This study was conducted by applying qualitative method. Sociological approach was also used to analyze the first character’s social vulnerability. The result
of this study shows that there are four factors which has caused the social vulnerability. 1 poverty 2 stress 3 depression 4 loss 5 hazard.
Keywords: vulnerability, poverty, stress. Depression, loss, hazard
I. Pendahuluan
1.1 Latar belakang
Pemahaman dari konsep kelemahan sosial mempunyai hubungan yang sangat penting didalam usaha untuk meningkatkan standard kehidupan di dunia. Kelemahan social sering berkaitan erat dengan kemiskinan,
stress, depresi, dan kehilangan. United Nations 2008:59 describes that the terms ―vulnerable‖ and ―vulnerability‖ are used in areas of
economic development, social science, human security, crime prevention, environmental research, disaster relief, famine, contagious diseases and mental health. Each of these areas has carefully developed frameworks
that serve as road maps for early warning systems as well as carefully crafted counter measures. The increased focus on vulnerability leads to measures that can be implemented before the occurrence of a potential danger,
trauma or abuse, there by lessening its human, economic and social consequences. Thus, an understanding of vulnerability implicitly leads towards prevention.
Yaqub 2005:59 explains that the increasing realization that poverty itself is dynamic, that some of the poor are not poor all of the time means that the historical harmony has been established between poverty and
vulnerability. The understanding of the concept of social vulnerability is linked to the term poverty, stress, depression, and loss. Hubungan antara kelemahan adalah hal penting di dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan
standard kehidupan khusus nya di Indonesia. McCarthy et al. 2001:22 states that vulnerability is degree to which a system is susceptible to and is
unable to cope with adverse effects. In all formulations, the key parameters of vulnerability are the stress to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity. Denagn demikian kelemahan juga
mempunyai elemen umum dari kemiskinan, stress, depresi dan kehilangan yang di alami oleh sistem sosial. Kelemahan social sering berdampak pada banyak nya orang-orang yang rentanlemah di dalam
masyarakat, seperti orang miskin, anak-anak, orang tua, orang cacat dan wanita. Kelompok ini memiliki sedikit sumber untuk menyiapkan kehidupan mereka menjadi lebih baik. Banyak orang
–orang miskin yang mempunyai rumah di bawah standard dan memiliki pendidikan yang kurang.
Di dalam novel ini terdapat sebuah keluarga miskin yang tinggal di sebuah desa terpencil di Gunung Kidul, Jawa, yang memiliki kehidupan sosial yang sangat rendah sehingga mereka sanggup menjual anak
gadis mereka yang masih muda belia di bawah umur hanya demi 50kg beras. Anak gadis mereka masih sangat muda dan tidak memiliki pengetahuan banyak tentang kehidupan sehingga dia mengalami depresi yang
sangat berat. Kelemahan sosial dalam novel ini dapat kita lihat di dalam karakter utama nya yaitu ―Kinanthi‖.
Kelemahan sosial yang di alami nya memberikan dia banyak pelajaran dan membuat nya harus berjuang melawan kemiskinan, stress dan tekanan dalam hidup nya.
1.2 Rumusan masalah
