Saran Potential assessment of marine ecotourism in Pasi Island, Kepulauan Selayar District, South Sulawesi

DAFTAR PUSTAKA [BAPERLIH] Badan Penataan Ruang dan Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. 2003. Laporan Rencana Penyusunan Peninjauan Kembali RTRW Kabupaten Selayar 2003 – 2013. Benteng. [BAKOSURTANAL] Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional. 2005. Pedoman Survey dan Pemetaan Terumbu Karang. Pusat Survey Sumberdaya Laut. BAKOSURTANAL. Jakarta. Beenaerts N, Berghe EV. 2005. Comparative Study of Three Transect Methods to Assess Coral Cover, Richness and Diversity. Western Indian Ocean J. Mar. Sci. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 29–37, 2005. Bentley TA, Cater C, Page SJ. 2010. Adventure and Ecotourism Safety in Queensland : Operator Experiences and Practice. Tourism Management vol. 31. 563-571. [BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. 2010. Profil Wilayah Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar Tahun 2009. Badan Pusat Statistik. Benteng. Broad K, Sanchirico JN. 2008. Local perspectives on marine reserve creation in the Bahamas. Ocean Coastal Management 51 : 763–771. Castellani V, Sala S. 2010. Sustainable Performance Index For Tourism Policy Development. Tourism Management vol. 31. 871–880. Committee on the Evaluation, Design, and Monitoring of Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in the United States. 2001. Marine protected Areas : Tools For Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems. Ocean Studies Board Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources National Research Council. Washington DC. [CRITC - LIPI] Coral Reef Information and Training Centre. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 2006a. Studi Baseline Ekologi Kabupaten Selayar. - Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program Phase II COREMAP II. Jakarta. [CRITC - LIPI] Coral Reef Information and Training Centre. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 2006b. Panduan Penelitian BME Sosial- Ekonomi. - Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program Phase II COREMAP II. Jakarta. [CRITC - LIPI] Coral Reef Information and Training Centre. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 2007. Monitoring Kesehatan Terumbu Karang Kabupaten Selayar tahun 2007. Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program Phase II COREMAP II. Jakarta. [CRITC - LIPI] Coral Reef Information and Training Centre. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. 2009. Monitoring Kesehatan Terumbu Karang Kabupaten Selayar tahun 2009. Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program Phase II COREMAP II. Jakarta. Dahuri R. 2003. Keanekaragaman Hayati Laut. Aset Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Indoenesia. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta. Davis D, Tisdell C. 1995. Recreational SCUBA Diving and Carring Capacity In Marine Protected Aareas. Ocean and coastal management. 26 : 19 – 40. Davos CA, Siakavara K, Santorineo A, Side J, Taylor M, Bar P. 2007. Zoning of Marine Protected Areas: Conflicts and Cooperation Options in The Galapagos and San Andres Archipelagos. Ocean Coastal Management 50. 223–252. [DEPHUT] Departemen Kehutanan. 1994. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 18 1994 tentang Pengusahaan Pariwisata Alam di Zona Pemanfaatan Taman Nasional dan Taman Wisata Alam. Jakarta. Dixon JA, Scura LF, va’t Hof T 1993. Meeting Ecological and Economic Goals : Marine Park in the Carriean. Ambio vol. 22.117 – 12. [DKP] Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2007. Panduan Penyusunan Rencana Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah. Jakarta. [DKP] Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2007. Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 60 tahun 2007 tentang Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan. Jakarta. [DKP] Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. 2008. Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 16 tahun 2008 tentang Perencanaan Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil. Jakarta. Dredge D. 2010. Place Change and Tourism Development Conflict : Evaluating Public Interest. Tourism Management vol. 31. 104–112. Drumm A, Moore A. 2005. Ecotourism Development – A Manual for Conservation Planners and Managers Volume 1: An Introduction to Ecotourism Planning. 2 nd Eagles PFJ, McCool SF, Haynes CD. 2002. Sustainable Tourism in Protected Areas : Guidelines for Planning and Management. IUCN – The World Conservation Union. IUCN Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. Edition. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington, Virginia, USA. English S, Wilkinson C, Baker V. editors. 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. 2 nd Fabinyi M. 2008. Dive Tourism, Fishing and Marine Protected Areas in The Calamianes Islands, Philippines. Marine Policy 32. 898–904. edition. ASEAN – Australia Marine Science Project Living Coastal Resources. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville. 368 p. Gomez ED, Yap HT. 1984. Monitoring Reef Condition In : Kenchington RA Hudson BET, editor. Coral Reef Management Handbook. 2nd Edition. Jakarta : UNESCO Regional Office for Science and Technology for South East Asia. pp 187 - 195. Harriott VJ. 2002. Marine Tourism Impacts and Their Management on The Great Barrier Reef. CRC Reef Research Centre Technical Report No 46. CRC Reef Research Centre, Townsville. Hawkins JP, Roberts CM. 1993. Effect of Recreational Diving on Coral Reefs, Trampling of Reef Flat Communities. Journal of Applied Ecology. 30 : 25 – 30. Hill J, Wilkinson C. 2004. Methods for Ecologocal Monitoring of Coral Reefs A Resource for Managers version 1. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Horng JS, Tsai CT. 2010. Government Websites For Promoting East Asian Culinary Tourism: A Cross-National Analysis. Tourism Management vol. 31. 74–85. [IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature 1994. Guidelines for Protected Area Management Categories. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. [IUCN] International Union for Conservation of Nature, [CORDIO] Coastal Ocean Research and Development in the Indian Ocean, [ICRAN] International Coral Reef Action Network. 2008. Managing Marine and Coastal Protected Areas: A Toolkit for South Asia. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Bangkok, Thailand; CORDIO, Kalmar, Sweden; and ICRAN, Cambridge, UK. Johnson LT. 2008. Steps To Success For Rural Enterpreneurs : Starting an Ecotourism Business In Alaska. Alaska Sea Grant Marine Advisory Program. School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences University of Alaska. Alaska. [KLH] Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2004. Kepetusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup nomor 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut. Jakarta. Ketjulan R. 2010. Analisis Kesesuaian dan Daya Dukung Ekowisata Bahari Pulau Hari Kecamatan Loanti Kabupaten Konawe Selatan Propvinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Thesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Kuiter RH. 1992. Tropical Reef-Fishes of the Western Pacific, Indonesia and Adjacent Waters. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Kusumastanto T, Adrianto L, Damar A. 2006. Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir. Universitas Terbuka. Jakarta. Larsen S, Brun W, Øgaard T. 2009. What Tourists Worry About – Construction of A Scale Measuring Tourist Worries. Tourism Management vol. 30. 260– 265. Lieske E, Myers R. 1994. Reef Fishes of the World. Periplus Edition, Singapore. Linberg K, Hawkins DE. 1993. Ecotourism : Guidelines for Planners and Managers. The Ecotourism Society. North Bennington. Liu JC. 1994. Pacific Islands Ecotourism: A Public Policy and Planning Guide. The Pacific Business Center Program University of Hawai‘i Honolulu, Hawai‘i, U.S.A. McNeely JA, Thorsell JW, Ceballos-Lascurian H. 1992. Guidelines : Development of National Park and Protected Area for Tourism. Madrid : WTO UNEP IUCN. Mulyana Y, Dermawan A. 2008. Profile Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan Kini dan Mendatang : Konservasi Kawasan Perairan Indonesia Bagi Masa Depan Dunia. Direktorat konservasi dan Taman Nasional Laut. Direktorat Jenderal Kelautan Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil. Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Jakarta. Nontji A. 1993. Laut Nusantara. Djambatan. Jakarta. Nybakken JW. 1992. Biologi Laut. Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Terjemahan: HM Eidman, Koesoebiono, DG Bengen, M Hutomo, S Sukardjo. Gramedia. Jakarta. Oraciona GE, Millerb ML, Christie P. 2005. Marine protected areas for whom? Fisheries, Tourism, and Solidarity In A Philippine Community. Ocean Coastal Management 48. 393–410. Pearce DG. 2000. Tourism Plan Reviews: Methodological Considerations and Issues From Samoa. Tourism Management vol. 21. 191-203. Petrosillo I, Zurlini G, Corlian`o ME, Zaccarelli N, Dadamo M. 2007. Tourist Perception of Recreational Environment and Management In A Marine Protected Area. Landscape and Urban Planning 79 : 29–37. Planthong S, Inglis G, Huber M. 2000. Effects of Self – Quide Snorkeling Trails On Corals In A Tropical Marine Park. Conservation biology 14: 1821- 1833. [PPTK] Pusat Penelitian Terumbu Karang, Universitas Hasanuddin. 2007. Kajian Potensi Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah Lokasi COREMAP II Kabupaten Selayar. Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar. [PSTK] Pusat Studi Terumbu Karang. Universitas Hasanuddin. 2000. Laporan Akhir Studi Optimasi Zonasi Taman Nasional Laut Taka Bonerate: Studi Saintifik. PSTK-Unhas. Makassar. Rangkuti F. 1997. Analisis SWOT : Teknik membedah kasus bisnis reorientasi konsep perencanaan strategi untuk menghadapi abad21. Cetakan ke 10. Jakarta : Gramedia Pustaka Umum. Reid-Grant K, Bhat MG. 2009. Financing Marine Protected Areas in Jamaica : An Exploratory Study Kimesha Marine Policy 33. 128– 136. Robert CM, Hawkins JP. 2000. Fully-Protected Marine Reserves : A Guide. WWF endangered Sea Campaign. Washington DC and Environment Department. University of New York, New York. Scleyer M, Tomalin B. 2000. Damage On South African Coral Reefs and An Assesment of Their Sustainable Diving Capacity Using Fisheries Approach. Bulletin of Marine Science 67: 1025-1042. Sekartjakrarini S, Legoh NK. 2004. Ekowista : Batasan dan Pengertian. Rencana Strategis Ekowisata Nasional. Kementerian Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Republik Indonesia. Jakarta. Shaffer SC, Inglis GJ. 2000. Influence of Social, Biophysical, and Managerial Condition on Tourism Experiences Within the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Environmental Management 26 : 73-87. Sugiyono. 2010. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R D. Penerbit Alfabeta. Bandung. Supriharyono. 2007. Pengelolaan Ekosisitem Terumbu Karang. Penerbit Djambatan. Jakarta. Wood ME. 2002. Ecotourism : Principles, Practices and Policies For Sustainability. United Nation Environment Programme. France. Yulianda F. 2007. Ekowisata Bahari Sebagai Alternatif Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Pesisir Berbasis Konservasi. Seminar Sains Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. IPB Bogor. 21 Februari 2007. Zakai D, Chadwick-Furman NE. 2002. Impact of Intensive Recreational Diving On Coral Reef At Eliat, Northern Red Sea. Biological Conservation 105 : 179-187. LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Hasil analisa bhentic lifeform pada masing-masing stasiun penelitian dengan metode Line Intercept Transect LIT Bhentic life form Kode Bentik Stasiun Penelitian 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 HARD CORAL : Acropora 34.03

33.50 36.00

14.33 10.00

4.33 33.03

4.83 3.33

19.00 Branching ACB 31.87 9.83 29.67 13.83 10.00 4.33 13.87 0.00 3.33 16.33 Encrusting ACE 0.00 0.00 1.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Submassive ACS 0.00 6.00 1.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 5.17 2.67 0.00 2.00 Digitate ACD 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tabular ACT 2.17 17.67 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.00 2.17 0.00 0.67 Non Acropora 25.57

10.23 10.00

46.00 41.00

42.33 36.63

53.50 59.33

45.00 Branching CB 9.40 3.40 0.00 14.83 0.00 16.17 13.50 31.00 3.00 4.00 Encrusting CE 3.00 0.00 1.33 2.00 8.33 5.17 2.50 7.00 20.83 0.00 Foliose CF 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.83 14.33 0.00 0.00 4.17 0.00 0.00 Massive CM 8.93 4.00 8.67 26.83 18.33 16.33 12.97 10.83 30.33 15.67 Submassive CS 4.23 2.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.17 3.00 0.50 1.67 16.33 Mushroom CMR 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 Heliopora CHL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Milleopora CME 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.50 2.50 0.00 3.50 8.67 Tubipora CTU 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Dead Sclerectina 31.50

41.27 14.67

24.17 28.33

40.00 23.83

26.00 16.83

25.00 Dead Coral DC 2.50 8.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.83 4.07 0.00 0.50 2.33 Dead coral with Algae DCA 29.00 32.93 14.67 24.17 28.33 34.17 19.77 26.00 16.33 22.67 Lampiran 1 Lanjutan Bhentic life form Kode Bentik Stasiun Penelitian 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 OTHER FAUNA : Algae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Algae Assemblage AA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corraline Algae CA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Halimeda HA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Macroalgae MA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Turf Algae TA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other 3.07

6.83 15.17

14.50 5.00

1.17 0.33

3.00 10.17

5.33 Soft Coral SC 3.07 6.50 14.50 13.33 2.33 0.00 0.00 2.33 10.17 2.67 Sponges SP 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 2.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.67 Zoanthids ZO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Others OT 0.00 0.33 0.67 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.33 0.67 0.00 0.00 Abiotic 5.83

8.17 24.17

1.00 15.67

12.17 6.17

12.67 10.33

5.67 Sand S 5.17 3.83 17.17 1.00 12.33 8.50 2.83 8.33 9.00 3.67 Rubble R 0.67 4.33 7.00 0.00 3.33 3.67 3.33 4.33 1.33 2.00 Silt SI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Water WA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Rock RCK 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other DDD 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lampiran 2. Jenis - jenis ikan karang yang ditemukan di Pulau Pasi dengan menggunakan metode Underwater Visual Census UVC NO FAMILI SPESIES KELOMPOK STASIUN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 Acanthuridae Acanthurus leucocheilus T 5 5 - - 8 15 5 - 5 5 2 Acanthurus pyroferus T 2 - - 1 - 5 5 5 - 2 3 Acanthurus sp T - 5 2 1 - - - - - 5 4 Ctenochaetus binotatus T 5 - - 1 8 12 5 6 5 2 5 Ctenochaetus striatus T 5 5 12 8 9 15 - - 2 5 6 Ctenochaetus truncatus T 5 - - - - 4 5 5 - - 7 Ctenochaetus sp T - - - - - 3 5 3 5 5 8 Naso caeruleacaudus T 5 10 - 20 - - 5 - 5 - 9 Naso lituratus T - 5 - 2 - 3 - 5 5 5 10 Zebrasoma scopas M 10 5 1 15 10 20 - 15 5 11 Zebrasoma veliferum M 5 5 2 15 10 5 - 5 5 12 Apogonidae Apogon cyanosomaisostigma M - - 4 2 5 10 - 20 - - 13 Apogon sp M - - - 1 4 5 - - - - 14 Cheilodipterus sp M - - 2 4 12 5 - - - - 15 Aulostomidae Aulostomus chinensis M - 1 - 2 2 5 1 10 - 1 16 Balistidae Balistapus undulatus T - - - 2 1 7 1 6 - - 17 Melichthys vidua T - 1 - - - 3 5 1 - 18 Odonus niger T - - - 3 - - 1 2 - 2 19 Sufflamen bursa M - - - - - - - - - 2 20 Sufflamen chrysopterus M 1 - - 1 1 1 - 1 - - 21 Abalistes stellatus M 1 - - 1 1 - - - 1 - 22 Blenniidae Meiacanthus ditrema M - - 3 5 5 5 2 - - - 23 Caesionidae Caesio cuning T 100 500 150 52 15 - 50 - 50 50 24 Caesio teres T 100 150 - - - - - - - - 25 Caesio tile T - - - - 100 - - - 200 - 26 Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga I 2 2 - - - 4 2 10 2 2 27 Chaetodon baronessa I 8 6 4 4 13 6 2 10 2 2 Lampiran 2 lanjutan NO FAMILI SPESIES KELOMPOK STASIUN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 28 Chaetodon citrinellus I 2 - - - - - - - 2 - 29 Chaetodon kleinii I 2 - 4 3 17 10 - 14 6 8 30 Chaetodon lineolatus I - 2 - 1 - - 2 - - 2 31 Chaetodon rafflesii I - - - 2 5 - - - - - 32 Chaetodon trifasciatus I 2 2 - 2 - 5 6 3 8 2 33 Chaetodon vagabundus I - - - - 3 - - - - - 34 Chaetodon wiebeli I - - - - - - - 2 - - 35 Chaetodon sp I 2 2 - - 5 - 2 - 2 2 36 Chaetodon sp I 8 6 - - 2 10 - - 2 - 37 Chelmon rostratus I 2 - 1 2 1 - - - 2 - 38 Heniochus acuminatus I - 2 - 1 - - 2 - - 2 39 Heniochus pleurotaenia I - 2 - 2 5 5 2 - - 2 40 Heniochus varius I 2 2 - 1 4 - 6 - 8 2 41 Dasyatidae Taeniura lymma M 1 - - 1 - - - - 1 - 42 Ephippidae Platax teira T - - - 5 7 13 5 5 - - 43 Fistulariidae Fistularia commersonii M 1 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1 1 44 Gobiidae Ptereleotris evides M 1 - - 1 15 15 - - - - 45 Diploprion bifasciatum T - - - - 3 - - - - - 46 Haemulidae Diagramma pictum T 5 5 - - 3 5 5 3 5 5 47 Plectorhynchus gatterinoides T - - 1 - 1 2 - 5 - - 48 Plectorhynchus lineatus T - - - 1 2 3 - - - - 49 Plectorhynchus vittatus T 5 - 1 - 2 5 5 7 5 5 50 Holocentridae Sargocentron T 5 - - - - - 5 - 5 5 51 Myripristis adusta T - 10 - - - 5 5 10 - - 52 Myripristis vittata M 5 5 - 13 5 5 5 - 20 5 53 Labridae Anampses sp M 2 2 - 5 4 7 2 10 2 2 54 Cheilinus celebicus T 10 5 - 3 1 - 5 2 - 5