The Strategies in Translating Second-Person Pronoun

lxxxii SL TL Data Number Data Stupid Bodoh 1 245 Total 8 Example: SL: Is that you, Maestro? TL: Kaukah itu, Maestro? 194CsvD209:21 The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Lord Papprizzio asked for a help from Casanova who at that time pretended as Bernardo Guardi to slim his body. Then, Casanova gave Papprizzio an ingredient and left him with his servant. When he came back, Lord Papprizzio called him to make sure that the ingredients were working. As seen, Maestro which refers to Casanova uttered by Mr. Papprizzio is translated into the same way, Maestro.

2. The Analysis of the Strategies in Translating Address Forms

In this analysis, I found that the translator applies more than one strategy in translating address forms from English into Indonesian. The translation strategies of each address form will be explained deeply in each point below,

A. The Strategies in Translating Second-Person Pronoun

In this classification, there are 192 data of pronouns. Here, the strategies in translating English second person pronouns are translated them into lxxxiii Indonesian second person pronouns. It is called similar meaning strategy. 2nd person pronouns can also be translated into Indonesian titles or using substitution strategy. Meanwhile some data of second person pronouns are translated into zero form or using deletion strategy. The data can be seen in the table below, Table 4.10 English 2 nd person pronouns translated into Indonesian 2 nd person pronouns, Titles and Not translated. SL TL Data Total Number Percen- tages lxxxiv SL TL Data Total Number Percen- tages English Second- Person Pronouns You Indonesian Second- Person Pronouns 001,003,005,006,007,008,010,011, 012,016,017,023,024,025,027,028, 029,032,033,036,041,042,043,045, 047,048,049,052,053,055,057,058, 059,061,062,063,064,065,069,070, 073,074,076,077,079,081,094,095, 096,103,104,105,106,107,108,109, 110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117, 118,119,129,133,136,137,139,143, 145,146,147,149,157,159,160,161, 162,163,164,165,169,170,171,172, 173,174,175,183,184,186,187,188, 189,190,192,194,198,199,200,205, 207,208,209,210,211,212,214,215, 221,225,226,230,232,233,234,235, 236,240,244,246,247,251,252,253, 254,256,257,258,261,263,265,266, 268,269,270,271,272,273,274,275, 276,277,278,279,280,281,282,283, 288,289,290,291,293,294,297,298, 299,300,301,303,307,309,310,312, 314,318,321,324,325,326,331. 173 90.05 Indonesian Titles 020,021,034,073,084,089,138,150, 152,222,224. 11 5.76 Θ deletion 014,030,075,078,086,131,158,260 8 4.19 Total 192 100 Below are the detail explanation of the strategy in translating second person pronoun, A 1. English Second Person Pronouns Translated into Indonesian Second Person Pronouns Translating English 2nd person pronoun into Indonesian 2nd person pronoun means that the subtitler using similar meaning strategy. From the movie, I found out that the form of second person pronouns you are translated into kau, anda, -mu, kalian. The examples of this strategy can be seen as follow, Example 1: SL: You see? The death weight of men lxxxv TL: Kau lihat? Beban mati pria. 016CsvD109:53 The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Francesca Bruni, a woman from a respectable family who pretended as a man in the debate forum, told that a man can only make a trouble such as the guy who just arrested by the Bishop in their debate. Here, the participants of the dialogue are Francesca Bruni and all the men in the forum. In this scene, Francesca pretended as a man. As seen, you which refers to all the men in the forum uttered by Francesca is translated into kau. Here, the subtitler translates the form of pronoun you into kau without considering the number of the participants, the situation and the relationship between the addresser and the addressee. In this case, the situation is formal since it is a conference about science and literary works and surely the participants in this forum are educated people. Therefore, it would be better if the subtitler translates the form of pronoun you into Tuan-Tuan since the participants are plural and from a respectable society. Besides, this term is appropriate to show a great respect. The translation would be; Tuan-Tuan lihat? Beban mati pria. Example 2: SL: I think my fiancé, Bishop Pucci, wishes to learn more from you perhaps, if you pleased. TL: Kurasa tunanganku, Uskup Pucci, ingin belajar lebih banyak dari Anda. Jika Anda berkenan. 183CsvD206:28 lxxxvi The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Casanova who pretended as Pietro Papprizzio tried to calm down the debate situation between Francesca and Bishop Pucci. At that time, Bishop Pucci, one of the most fearsome inquisitors from Vatican attended to Bruni’s house. Francesca Bruni, a young woman with a brain far in advance of her time asked the Bishop why he came to Venice. Then, Bishop Pucci told that he came there to solve some kind of moral problem. Francesca who still curious about that keeps asked questions to the Bishop. Surely, it made Bishop Pucci angry since at that period women are not allowed to talk or share their idea. As seen, you which refers to Bishop Pucci uttered by Casanova is translated into Anda as its equivalence in the target language. Here, the second person pronoun is translated in a similar sense in the target language. The use of anda describes that Casanova honors Bishop Pucci who has a higher position and as an important person. The term anda is appropriate enough since it shares the same meaning as based on the situation which is quite formal. Besides, both participants have a distance relationship. A 2. Second Person Pronouns Translated into Titles Translating second person pronouns into titles means that the subtitler tried to use substitution strategy. From the movie, I found out that the form of second person pronouns you are translated into Bapa, TuanTuanku and Nyonya Here are the examples of this kind of strategy, Example 1: SL: Prince, we were just talking about you. What brings you here? TL: Pangeran, kami baru saja membicarakan Tuan. Kenapa Tuan kemari? lxxxvii 020CsvD110:40 The example above is found in one part of the movie in which Father Dalfonso, the inquisitor of the church in Venice, Italy welcomed the Doge who has an important position in political field in Venice and who also Casanova’s friend. Here, Father Dalfonso has just made a decision to punish Casanova the main character of the film. As seen, you which refers to the Doge uttered by Father Dalfonso is translated into Tuan . It can be seen that the second person pronoun is translated variously into Indonesian. Here, the subtitler applies substitution strategy. Here, heshe tends to translate the form you into tuan. It indicates that the subtitler is not translating the pronouns with pronouns directly. In general, the pronoun you is translated into anda for formal situation or kau for familial situation. However, the subtitler substitutes the meaning of pronoun you into title form Tuan to show a respect in the formal situation. Here, the participants are Inquisitor Dalfonso, a church investigator and the Doge of Venice or the Prince of Venice, the ruler of the city. Here, the Doges position is higher than father Dalfonso. Therefore, the resulted translation Tuan is appropriate in order to accommodate the setting of the film and to show a politeness between the speaker and the interlocutor. Example 2: SL: You sent them all away to be eaten. TL: Bapa mengirim mereka semua untuk dimakan. 138CsvD144:44 The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Bishop Pucci is confused about the notes written by Inquisitor Dalfonso. Then he decided to ask lxxxviii Dalfonso but forgets that he just expelled Dalfonso and the staff from the office. Therefore, Pucci’s staff named Andolini remained him by saying that utterence. As seen, you which refers to Bishop Pucci uttered by Andolini is translated into Bapa. Here, the subtitler applies substitution strategy by substituting the translation of pronoun you from the usual form into profession title Bapa since the interlocutor of the dialogue has a profession both as an inquisitor and a bishop. Besides, it aims to give an honor to the interlocutor. In Indonesia, a Catholic addresses a man who dedicates his life for church with the term Bapa for an appropriate and polite form. A 3. 2nd Person Pronoun Not Translated deleted In this section, there are 8 data which are not translated. It means that the subttiler used deletion strategy in the TL. Below is the example of this classification, Example: SL: They didn’t tell you? The Grifasi is closed. TL: Mereka tak memberitahu? Hotel Grifasi ditutup. 131CsvD141:48 The example above is found in one part of the movie in which Casanova who pretends as Bernardo Guardi welcomed Pietro Papprizzio, a corpulent rich man from Genoa in the harbor to ask him stay in his house. Here, Casanova purposed to take some advantage from this rich merchant since he needs a lot of money to pay his debt. Then, he told that the hotel booked by Lord Papprizzio was closed and offered him to stay at his house by paying a price which is surely more expensive than the price of the hotel. As seen, you which refers to Mr. Papprizzio uttered by Casanova is not translated by the subtitler. Here, the second person pronoun is translated into zero form or in other lxxxix word; it is deleted in the TL. Here, the participants are Casanova and Lord Papprizzio, a rich merchant from Genoa. Even though Casanova is also from a respectable family, however, in this situation, the social status of Lord Papprizzio is higher than Casanova. Therefore, the deletion strategy applied by the translator can reduce the formality of the utterance. It would be better if the subtitler translates it into Anda or Tuan. Then, the translation of the dialogue would be, Mereka tidak memberitahu TuanAnda? Hotel Grifasi ditutup. Table 4. 11 The Situational Aspect of Translation Variations in The Form Of Second Person Pronouns SL TL The Relation of the Participants Ends You Kau Distant, higher status to lower one Showing power Intimate, equal one to another Showing intimacy Distant, equal one to another Showing anger Anda Intimate, lower to higher one Showing a respect in a formal situation Distant, lower to higher one Showing respect to important person Distant, host to guest Giving honor -mu from kamu Intimate, equal Showing intimacy Kalian Intimate, higher to lower one Making an intimacy Bapa Distant, lower to higher Showing a respect and giving honor Tuan Tuanku, Nyonya Distant,higher to lower one, equal one to another Giving honor and showing respect θ Distant, higher to lower one Showing intimacy,power 9 data have more than one form of pronoun.

B. The Strategies in Translating Kinship Terms