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Context situation B: Mrs. Dina: You should stay at home tonight.
Ana
: Yes, Ma’am.
From those examples above, it seems that Ana responses her mother’s order in different ways. In dialogue A, Ana uses Mom and Ma’am for dialogue B. Both of them
refer to the same person, Mrs. Dina. Nevertheless, these words are different in terms of their meaning component. The word Mom should be translated into Mama which has
informal sense, while the word Ma’am should be translated into Ibu which has formal sense.
5. Adaptation
This method is the most ‘freest’ form of translation. As stated by Newmark 1988: 46 that adaptation is used mainly for plays comedies and poetry. The themes,
characters and plots are usually preserved. Here, the SL converted to the TL culture and the text rewritten.
6. Free Translation
In free translation, a translator should understand the whole sentences as one unity in a paragraph or all of the texts, which will be translated in order to avoid
misunderstanding the meaning of the material in the target language. As Newmark 1988: 46 says: “Free translation reproduces the matter without manner, the content
without so-called ‘intralingual translation’, often prolix and pretentious, and translation at all”. Here, the translator may change the form or structure to be easily understood by
the target readers but heshe must be careful in using this method. The changes or modification must be due to the content of the text. However the weaknesses of this
method is that the translation is so free that the meaning is out of it shall. Besides, the
xxix style of the original writer cannot be seen because the style has been adapted to the
translator’s style. Below is the example of this kind of translation taken from Machali 2000: 54
SL: Times, May 28, 1990: “Hollywood Rage for Remakes” TL: Suara Merdeka, July 15, 1990: “Hollywood Kekurangan Cerita: Lantas Rame-
rame Bikin Film Ulang”
7. Idiomatic Translation
Idiomatic translation basically can be included in free translation. In relation to this method, Newmark 1988: 46 states that idiomatic translation reproduces the
‘message’ of the original text but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idiom where these do not exist in the original”.
Meanwhile, Larson 1984: 10 states that idiomatic translations use the natural form of the receptor language, both in grammatical constructions and in the choice of
lexical items. A truly idiomatic translation does not sound like a translation. It sounds like it was written originally in the receptor language. Therefore, translating idiom is
not an easy work. The translator should be able to recognize that heshe is dealing with an idiomatic expression.
For example in Machali, 2000: 55 SL: Mari minum bir sama-sama; saya yang bayar.
TL: I’ll shout you a beer. From the example above, the English version is more idiomatic than the
original version. If it is translated in common way, the translation would become: Let me buy a beer.
8. Communicative Translation
