xciii No.
SL TL
The Relation of The Participants
Ends 1.
Papá Papa
Intimate, Lower to higher
Giving honor, showing respect
2. Mama
Mama
C. The Strategies in Translating Titles
In this classification, there are 57 data of titles which consist of English titles, 47 data and Italian titles, 10 data. As can be seen in the first analysis, English titles
consist of English Profession Title EPT and English Nickname Titles ENT and English Hierarchical Titles EHT. All of them are translated into Indonesian title or
using similar meaning strategy. However, there is a changed translation in which the English Hierarchical Title is translated into zero form. Meanwhile for the Italian Titles
consist of Italian Nickname Titles ItNT and Italian Profession Title ItPT. Here Italian titles mostly are translated in the same form or using the SL form or in other
word it can be called transference strategy. It aims to preserve the local color of the source language especially the setting of this film which took a place in Venice, Italy.
However, there are 2 data translated into Indonesian titles. The distribution of each title can be seen in the table below,
Table 4.15 The Classification of Titles Based on the Source Language And The Translation Strategies
No .
SL TL
Data Data
Number Percent-
ages
1. English
Titles Indonesian
Titles 018,020,022,026,038,060,062,
068,071,083,087,099,126,128, 130,132,135,140,142,144,152,
153,156,164,177,179,182,187, 191,213,216,218,227,237,239,
243,248,249,295,302,304,305, 306,311,327,329.
46 80.70
Θ deletion 264
1 1.75
2. Italian
Titles Italian Titles
122,193,203,231,255,261,284, 323
8 14.04
xciv No
. SL
TL Data
Data Number
Percent- ages
Indonesian Titles
110,173 2
3.51 Total
57 100
C 1a. English Titles Translated into Indonesian Titles
Translating English Title into Indonesian title means that the subtitler is using similar meaning or its equivalent in the target language. Here are the examples of
English Titles in form of English Hierachical Titles EHT, English Nickname Titles ENT and English Profession Titles EPT which are translated into Indonesian
Hierachical Titles IHT, Indonesian Nickname Titles INT and Indonesian Profession Titles IPT,
Examples 1:
SL: Your Excellency, all I do is worshipping beauty. There is no harm in that,
isn’t that?
TL: Yang Mulia, aku memuja kecantikan. Itu tak ada salahnya, bukan?
026CsvD112:32 The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Casanova still
argued about his attitude after rescued by the Doge of Venice from the supreme pinalty. As seen, Your Excellency which refers to the Doge of Venice uttered by
Casanova is translated into Yang Mulia. This English hierarchical title Your Excellency is translated into similar sense in the target language Yang Mulia. Here, even though
Casanova and Doge is a close friend, still Casanova addresses the Doge with a polite form Yang Mulia because they were in different social status and in formal situation.
Example 2:
xcv
SL: Master, I’m in confused. I thought we have made a decision. TL: Tuan, aku aga k bingung. Ku pikir kita sudah memutuskan.
087CsvD126:19 The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Lupo
Salvato, Casanova’s man servant confused about his master desicion to propose another girl since Casanova has already enganged with Victoria. As seen, master
which refers to Casanova uttered by Lupo is translated into Tuan. Here, the subtitler translates the term Master into similar sense in the TL Tuan. In English, master is the
standard for servants to address their employer’s minor children. Here, the participants are between a young man, Casanova and his manservant, Lupo. Therefore, it will be
more appropriate if the subtitler translates it into Tuan Muda. Example 3:
SL: What kind of moral problem, Bishop? TL: Masalah moral apa, Bapa?
182CsvD206:11 The above examples is found in one part of the movie in which Bishop Pucci,
one of the most fearsome inquisitors from Vatican attended to Bruni’s house. Here, Francesca Bruni, a young woman with a brain far in advance of her time asked the
Bishop why he came to Venice. Then, Bishop Pucci told that he came there to solve some kind of moral problem. Francesca who is still curious about that keeps asking
questions to the Bishop. As seen, Bishop which refers to bishop Pucci uttered by Francesca is translated into Bapa. This term is appropiate to show a great respect
eventhough at that time Francesca was really angry with Bishop Pucci.
xcvi
C 1b. English Titles Not Translated deleted
In this section, there is 1 datum which is not translated. It means that the subttiler used deletion strategy in the TL. The datum is English Hierarchical Title.
Example:
SL; Actually, Your Eminence, I believe it’s because hot air rises,
counteracting the gravitational forces of…witch craft. TL: Sebenarnya, itu ka rena tekanan udara pa nas terhadap gravitasi…ilmu
sihir. 264CsvD228:37
The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Andolini, bishop Pucci’s staff tried to explain to his master about air balloon but stopped it suddenly
when his master looked at him angrily and agreed it was a witch craft. As seen, Your Eminence
which refers to Bishop Pucci uttered by Andolini is not translated or omitted by the translator. Here, Andolini addresses bishop Pucci by using profession title Your
Eminence to show his great respect to his master. Unfortunately, the subtitler fails to
reveal it in the translation since he did not include it in the subtitling. This deletion strategy applied by the subtitler automatically reduces the formality and the politeness
of utterance build by the speaker. It will be better if the subtitler translates it became Sebenarnya, Bapa, itu karena tekanan udara panas terhadap gravitasi…ilmu sihir.
Table 4.16 The Situational Aspect of Translation Variations in The Form Of English Titles
No .
SL TL
The Relation of The Participants
Ends 1.
EPT IPT
xcvii No
. SL
TL The Relation of The
Participants Ends
Father Bapa
Distant, lower to higher one: a priest
to his parish Higher to lower
Giving respect,
appreciating
Bishop Bapa Uskup
Distant, lower to higher one: an
inquisitor to a bishop Giving a respect in
front of other people
Your Eminence
Bapa Suci Distant, lower to
higher one: a to a bishop
Giving a respect θ
Distant, lower to higher one
Speaking directly Your
Reverence Bapa Uskup
Distant, lower to higher one
Giving a respect in front of other people
Yang Mulia Distant, lower to
higher one Giving an honor and
obeying the rule of the church
Inquisitor Penyelidik
Gereja Distant, higher to
lower Appreciating
Your Excellency
Bapa Uskup
Bapa Distant, lower to
higher one Showing
respect,honor
2. SL
TL The Relation of The
Participants Ends
ENT INT
Sir, Dear Sir
TuanPak Distant, lower to
higher, equal, Showing respect in
front of
others, appreciating
Master Tuan
Distant, lower to higher: servant to
master Giving respect
No. SL
TL The Relation of The
Participants Ends
3. EHT
IHT Your
Excellency Yang Mulia
Distant, lower to higher
Showing respect Your
Raised Yang Mulia
Distant, lower to higher status
Showing respect My Lord
Tuanku Distant, lower to
higher status Giving
respect, obeying the rule of
the court Prince
Pangeran Distant, lower to
Showing honor,
xcviii higher
obeying the rule of the city
C 2a. Italian Title Translated into Italian Title
Translating Italian Title into similar form Italian title too means that the subtitler applied transference strategy in hisher translation. Here are the examples of
Italian Titles in form of Italian Nickname Titles ItNT and Italian Profession Titles ItPT which are translated into ItNT and ItPT too,
Example 1:
SL: Signore, Bishop Pucci wishes to see you TL: Signor, Uskup Pucci ingin bertemu.
203CsvD210:31 The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Andolini,
Pucci’s servant, pushes Casanova to follow him to come to bishop Pucci’s office for an investigation purpose. As seen, Signore which refers to Casanova uttered by Andolini
is translated in the same way or still maintained the original term, Signor. The subtitler uses transference strategy in translating the term Signore into Signor in the
TL. Here, heshe applies the term Signore into the TL became Signor only. In Italian term of title, there is a different meaning between Signore and Signor. The term
Signore is used to address a highly respected man or a man of advanced age; it is
equivalent to English Sir. Besides, the term Signore is used separately without followed by name. While the term Signor is the usual Italian form of title or address
for a man, and it is the equivalent of English Mr. Therefore, the term Signor is followed by last name. This mistaken application reduces the formality of the utterance
xcix build by the speaker. Here, the participants are between Bishop Pucci’s staff and
Casanova. Example 2:
SL: Beware, Doge. Your cities freedom dangles from the belt of Vatican. TL: Hati-hati, Doge. Kebebasan kotamu bergantung di sabuk Vatikan
. 255CsvD224:05
The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Bishop Pucci, the inquisitor of Vatican church reminds the Doge of Venice the prince of the city
that the cities freedom is under the authority of Vatican. Therefore, the Doge should be more careful when making a decision since the Doge often gives protection to
Casanova. As seen, Doge which refers to the prince of the city uttered by Bishop Pucci is translated into the way. The subtitler still uses transference strategy in translating the
term Doge into Doge too. Here, the participants are between the Doge of Venice and Bishop Pucci at the ball party. Both of them have equal status. Doge is an Italian term
for addressing the chief of magistrate and in international relations he has the status of a sovereign prince. This kind of term only exists in the Republic of Venice and Genoa.
Therefore, the subtitler maintains this term in the subtitling. However, it would be better if the subtitler adds a note after the term to make it easier to be understood by
the audiences and the translation will become Hati-hati, Doge Hakim. Kebebasan kotamu bergantung di sabuk Vatikan.
Example 3:
SL: Signorina, I was afraid I’ve lost you. TL: Signorina, aku takut kehilanganmu
.
c 261CsvD227:04
The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Casanova who at that time pretends as Lord Papprizzio followed Francesca Bruni out of the ball room
party and says it to her. As seen, Signorina which refers to Francesca Bruni uttered by Casanova is translated into the same way Signorina.
In this datum, the subtitler applies transference strategy in the TL. Even though they are in the same age, Casanova addresses Francesca with the title Signorina since
they haven’t known each other well. Here, the term Signorina is very unique. It is the usual Italian form of title to show a sign of respect toward a woman, especially for
young woman late teensearly twenties or unmarried woman. This kind of address form is used in the early 19
th
century. Signorina has an equivalent meaning with English title Miss. However, this term is rarely used in Italy today and is best avoided.
The address form Signorina is maintained in the TL in order to preserve the cultural nuance of the setting of the film.
C 2b. Italian Title Translated into Indonesian Title
The data belonging to this classification means that they are translated into Indonesian titles or use similar meaning strategy. Here, there 2 data which are
classified into Italian Nickname title. As seen below, Example:
SL: My trouble is nothing to you, Signore. And it’s cleared enough to me. TL: Kegundahanku buka n urusanmu, Tuan. Dan tak berarti bagiku.
110CsvD134:27
ci The above example is found in one part of the movie in which Casanova who
in another time also pretends as Lupo Salvato using his servant’s name keeps following Francesca and asks about Francesca’s personal life. It makes Francesca feels
uncomfortable and says that utterence angrily to Casanova. As seen, Signore which refers to Casanova uttered by Francesca is translated into Tuan. Here, the subtitler
translates this Italian term Signore into Tuan in the TL. It shows Francesca’s respect even though she is really angry to Casanova. In the meantime, the translation of this
term indicates the inconsistent of the subtitler in translating the Italian term. However, this translation is very helpful for the audiences in understanding the term.
Table 4.17 The Situational Aspect of Translation Variations in The Form of Italian Titles
No. SL
TL The Relation of Participants
Ends 1.
Signor ItNT
Signor ItNT
Distant, equal, lower to higher status
Giving respect, Signore
ItNT Signore
ItNT Distant, equal, lower to higher
status Giving respect
Tuan INT
Distant, equal, lower to higher status
Giving respect 2.
Signorina ItNT
Signorina ItNT
Distant, guest to host equal
Giving respect Showing
intimacy
3. Doge
ItPT Doge
ItPT Distant, lower to higher
Showing the
power and
anger 4.
Signora ItNT
Signora ItNT
Distant, guest to host Showing
formality
D. The Strategies in Translating Names
