xxvii SL: She is the smartest girl in this room.
TL: Ia adalah gadis terpandai di ruangan ini. From the example above, it can be seen that there are some changes in the
grammatical construction in order to fit the TL grammar.
3. Faithful Translation
Faithful translation needs to be faithful to the original text. As Newmark states, A faithful translation attempts to produce the precise contextual meaning of the
original within the constraints of the TL grammatical structures. It ‘transfers’ cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical ‘abnormality’
deviation from SL norms in the translation. It attempts to be completely faithful to the intentions and text-realization of the SL writer 1988: 46.
This method of translation tends to emphasize on the SL. This is applied in order to present the SL culture.
4. Semantic Translation
Semantic translation tries to get closer to the original text. According to Newmark 1981: 39, semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as possible the
semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original. This type of translation aims at finding word equivalences in
the target language by analyzing the meaning components based on the context of the sentence. The transferring process of this meaning component from the source into the
target language is closely related to the culture of the source language. As stated by Nababan 2003: 45, semantic translation focuses on finding the equivalence in word
level which is still tied up by the culture of the source language. Example:
Context situation A: Mrs Dina: You should stay at home tonight
Ana
: Yes, Mom.
xxviii
Context situation B: Mrs. Dina: You should stay at home tonight.
Ana
: Yes, Ma’am.
From those examples above, it seems that Ana responses her mother’s order in different ways. In dialogue A, Ana uses Mom and Ma’am for dialogue B. Both of them
refer to the same person, Mrs. Dina. Nevertheless, these words are different in terms of their meaning component. The word Mom should be translated into Mama which has
informal sense, while the word Ma’am should be translated into Ibu which has formal sense.
5. Adaptation
