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Tabel 22. Agregasi Sektor Lanjutan
No Code
Sector Aggregation
Description
sugar beet seed and seeds of forage plants, other raw vegetable materials, Other Animal Products:
swine, poultry and other live animals; eggs, in shell fresh or cooked, Natural honey, snails
fresh or preserved except sea snails; frogs legs, edible products of animal origin n.e.c., hides,
skins and furskins, raw , insect waxes and spermaceti, whether or not refined or coloured;
Other Food: prepared and preserved fish or vegetables, fruit juices and vegetable juices,
prepared and preserved fruit and nuts, all cereal flours, groats, meal and pellets of wheat, cereal
groats, meal and pellets n.e.c., other cereal grain products including corn flakes, other vegetable
flours and meals, mixes and doughs for the preparation of bakers wares, starches and starch
products; sugars and sugar syrups n.e.c., preparations used in animal feeding, bakery
products, cocoa, chocolate and sugar confectionery, macaroni, noodles, couscous and
similar farinaceous products, food products n.e.c.; Wool: wool, silk, and other raw animal materials
used in textile
15 Sgr
Sugar Sugar
16 fdbvrg
Food and Beverage
Dairy products; Food products nec; Beverages and tobacco products.
17 mining
Mining, Oil,and Gas
Coal; Oil; Gas; Minerals nec; Petroleum, coal products; Mineral products nec; Ferrous metals;
Metals nec; Metal products.
18 manufac
Manufacturin g products
Textiles; Wearing apparel; Wood products; Paper products, publishing;
Chemical,rubber,plastic prods; Motor vehicles and parts; Transport
19 Svc
service Electricity; Gas manufacture, distribution;
Water; Construction; Trade; Transport nec; Sea transport; Air transport; Communication;
Financial services nec; Insurance; Business services nec; Recreation and other services;
PubAdminDefenceHealthEducat; Dwellings.
Sumber: Database GTAP versi 7, 2008
4.3.8. Penutup Makroekonomi Jangka Panjang
Pada penelitian ini penutup makroekonomi yang digunakan mengacu kepada Walmsley 1998. Model keseimbangan umum mensyaratkan bahwa
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jumlah persamaan harus sama dengan jumlah variabel endogen. Namun demikian pada kenyataannya dalam model GTAP persamaan yang terdapat pada file tablo
memiliki jumlah variabel yang lebih besar dibanding jumlah persamaan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka kelebihan variabel tersebut harus dijadikan
sebagai variabel eksogen, sehingga didapat jumlah variabel endogen yang persis sama dengan jumlah persamaan. Variabel- variabel yang dijadika n seba gai
variabel eksogen itulah yang disebut dengan penutup makroekonomi closure. Variabel eksogen digunakan sebagai shock untuk mensimulasikan sebuah
kebijakan ekonomi. Model GTAP standar menggunakan penutup makroekonomi neo-klasik
dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut: semua pasar dalam keseimbangan, semua perusahaanindustri beroperasi pada pasar bersaing sempurna zero profit, dan
rumahtangga regional menghadapi kendala anggaran budget constraint. Berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut, maka investasi global harus sama dengan
tabungan global. Selain itu, model GTAP hanya dapat menentukan harga relatif, dimana tingkat harga adalah relatif terhadap bilangan numeraire.
Kondisi keseimbangan Jangka panjang dicirikan oleh adanya penyesuaian kapital di setiap sektor pada masing- masing regional. Dengan demikian kapital
harus dijadikan sebagai variabel endogen. Selanjutnya variabel- variabel yang menunjukka n pe rtumbuhan kapital harus dijadika n sebagai variabe l eksogen.
Adapun closure yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini selengkapnya disajikan pada Tabe l 23.
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Tabel 23. Penutup Jangka Panjang
Penutup Model Keterangan
Population Pop
Jumlah penduduk
Saving prices Psave Nu meraire
Profitslack Incomeslack
Endowmentts slack endwslack Tradeslack tradslack
Variabel-variabel slack
Output augmenting technical change in all sectors and regions aoall Co mposite intermediate input augmenting technical change in all
sectors and regions afall Endowment
ts augmenting technical change in all sectors and regions
afeall Output augmenting technical change in sectors aosec
Output augmenting technical change in regions aoreg Value added augmenting technical change in sectors avasec
Value added augmenting technical change in regions avareg Co mposite intermediate input augmenting technical change in
commodit ies afcom Co mposite intermediate input augmenting technical change in sectors
afsec Co mposite intermediate input augmenting technical change in regions
afreg Endowment
ts augmenting technical change in co mmodit ies afecom
Endowment ts augmenting technical change in sectors afesec
Endowment ts augmenting technical change in regions afereg
Variabel-variabel perubahan teknologi
Penutup Model Ke terangan
Import augmenting technical change in Armington nest ams Transport mode augmenting technical change, worldwide atm
Freightshipping augmenting technical change, world wide atf Freightshipping augmenting technical change from a region ats
Freightshipping augmenting technical change to a region atd Input-neutral shift in utility function au
Variabel-variabel perubahan teknologi
Govern ment consumption distribution parameter dpgov Private
consumption distribution parameter dppriv Saving distribution parameter dpsave
Parameter d istribusi konsumsi pemerintah,
rumahtangga dan tabungan
Power o f tax on output or income of non-savings commodity to Power o f tax on imports of tradeable co mmodity t ms
Power o f tax on expo rts of tradeable commod ity txs Power of the variable import tax on imports of tradeable commodity
tm Power of the variable export tax on imports of tradeable commodity
tx Power o f the private consumption tax tp
VA riabel-variabel kebijakan pajak
qo“land”,REG qo“unsklab”,rEG
qo“sklab”,REG qo“NatRes”,REG
Variabel input primer
rsk Variabel risiko
Sumber: Walmsley 1998
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4.3.9. Estimas i Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Produktivitas Pertanian
