Bidirectional Arbiter Design of Round-Robin Arbiters r
3.3.6 Design of Round-Robin Arbiters r
r r r r Selectors A challenge to building a large-scale switch lies in the stringent arbitration time constraint for output contention resolution. This section describes how to design the RR-based arbiters.3.3.6.1 Bidirectional Arbiter
A bidirectional arbiter for output resolution control operates using three output-control signals, DL, DH, and UH as w x shown in Figure 3.15 10 . Each signal is transmitted on one bus line. DL and DH are downstream signals, while UH is the upstream signal. The three signal bus functions are summarized as follows: 䢇 DL: Selects highest requested crosspoint in group L. 䢇 DH: Selects highest requested crosspoint in group H. 䢇 UH: Identifies whether group H has request or not. SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS 69 Ž . Fig. 3.15 Block diagram of the bidirectional arbiter. 䊚1994 IEEE. INPUT-BUFFERED SWITCHES 70 TABLE 3.2 A Part of the Logic Table of the Bidirectional Arbiter Level Combination next a a DL DH UH GI ACK GI H H H H L L H H H L L L H H L H L H H H L L L H L H H H L H L H H L L H L H L H L H L H L L H L H L H H H L H L H L L L Ž . H L L H H L xp4 case 1 in Fig. 3.15 H L L L L H L L H H H L Ž . L L H L L L xp1 case 1 in Fig. 3.15 L L L H H L Ž . L L L L H L xp1 case 2 in Fig. 3.15 a Group Indicationᎏindicating which group the crosspoint belongs to. The arbitration procedure can be analyzed into two cases in Figure 3.15. Case 1 has group H active or both L and H active. In this case, the highest request in group H will be selected. Case 2 has only group L active. In that case, the highest request in group L will be selected. In case 1, the DH signal locates the highest crosspoint in Group H, xp4, and triggers the ACK signal. The UH signal indicates that there is at least one request in group H to group L. The DL signal finds the highest crosspoint, xp1, in group L, but no ACK signal is sent from xp1, because of the state of the UH signal. In the next cell period, xp1 to xp4 form group L, and xp5 is group H. In case 2, the UH signal shows that there is no request in group H; the DL signal finds the highest request in group L, xp1, and triggers the ACK signal. Note that both selected crosspoints in case 1 and case 2 are the same crosspoints that would be selected by a theoretical RR arbiter. The bidirectional arbiter operates two times faster than a normal ring Ž . arbiter unidirectional arbiter , but twice as many transmitted signals are required. The bidirectional arbiter can be implemented with simple hard- ware. Only 200 or so gates are required to achieve the distributed arbitration at each crosspoint, according to the logic table shown in Table 3.2.3.3.6.2 Token Tunneling This section introduces a more efficient arbi-
Parts
» ATM Switch Structure ATM SWITCH SYSTEMS
» DESIGN CRITERIA AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
» Internal Link Blocking Output Port Contention Head-of-Line Blocking
» Shared-Medium Switch Time-Division Switching
» Single-Path Switches Space-Division Switching
» Multiple-Path Switches Space-Division Switching
» Internally Buffered Switches Recirculation Buffered Switches
» Input- and Output-Buffered Switches Virtual-Output-Queueing Switches
» Input-Buffered Switches PERFORMANCE OF BASIC SWITCHES
» Output-Buffered Switches PERFORMANCE OF BASIC SWITCHES
» Completely Shared-Buffer Switches PERFORMANCE OF BASIC SWITCHES
» Bernoulli Arrival Process and Random Traffic On–Off Model and Bursty Traffic
» Multiline Input Smoothing Speedup Parallel Switch
» Window-Based Lookahead Selection Increasing Scheduling Efficiency
» VOQ-Based Matching Increasing Scheduling Efficiency
» Parallel Iterative Matching PIM Iterative Round-Robin Matching iRRM
» Iterative Round-Robin with SLIP i SLIP
» Dual Round-Robin Matching DRRM
» Round-Robin Greedy Scheduling SCHEDULING ALGORITHMS
» Bidirectional Arbiter Design of Round-Robin Arbiters r
» Token Tunneling This section introduces a more efficient arbi-
» Most-Urgent-Cell-First Algorithm MUCFA OUTPUT-QUEUING EMULATION
» Critical Cell First CCF Last In, Highest Priority LIHP
» LOWEST-OUTPUT-OCCUPANCY-CELL-FIRST JONATHAN CHAO CHEUK LAM
» LINKED LIST APPROACH JONATHAN CHAO CHEUK LAM
» CONTENT-ADDRESSABLE MEMORY APPROACH JONATHAN CHAO CHEUK LAM
» Washington University Gigabit Switch
» Shared-Memory Switch with a Multicast Logical Queue Shared-Memory Switch with Cell Copy
» Shared-Memory Switch with Address Copy
» BANYAN NETWORKS JONATHAN CHAO CHEUK LAM
» Three-Phase Implementation Ring Reservation
» BATCHER-SORTING NETWORK THE SUNSHINE SWITCH
» Tandem Banyan Switch DEFLECTION ROUTING
» Shuffle-Exchange Network with Deflection Routing
» Dual Shuffle-Exchange Network with Error-Correcting Routing
» Generalized Self-Routing Algorithm Broadcast Banyan Network
» Boolean Interval Splitting Algorithm Nonblocking Condition of Broadcast Banyan Networks A
» Encoding Process MULTICAST COPY NETWORKS
» Concentration Decoding Process Overflow and Call Splitting
» A. Cyclic Running Adder Network Figure 5.34 shows the struc-
» Concentration The starting point in a CRAN may not be port 0,
» Basic Architecture SINGLE-STAGE KNOCKOUT SWITCH
» Knockout Concentration Principle SINGLE-STAGE KNOCKOUT SWITCH
» Construction of the Concentrator
» Maximum Throughput CHANNEL GROUPING PRINCIPLE
» Two-Stage Configuration A TWO-STAGE MULTICAST OUTPUT-BUFFERED ATM SWITCH
» Multicast Grouping Network A TWO-STAGE MULTICAST OUTPUT-BUFFERED ATM SWITCH
» Translation Tables A TWO-STAGE MULTICAST OUTPUT-BUFFERED ATM SWITCH
» Cross-Stuck CS Fault Toggle-Stuck TS Fault Verticalr
» Toggle-Stuck and Cross-Stuck Cases
» Vertical-Stuck and Horizontal-Stuck Cases
» Cross-Stuck and Toggle-Stuck Cases
» Vertical-Stuck Case Horizontal-Stuck SWE Case
» APPENDIX JONATHAN CHAO CHEUK LAM
» BASIC ARCHITECTURE JONATHAN CHAO CHEUK LAM
» MULTICAST CONTENTION RESOLUTION ALGORITHM
» IMPLEMENTATION OF INPUT PORT CONTROLLER
» Cell Loss Probability PERFORMANCE
» ATM ROUTING AND CONCENTRATION CHIP
» Memoryless Multistage Concentration Network
» Buffered Multistage Concentration Network
» Resequencing Cells ENHANCED ABACUS SWITCH
» Complexity Comparison ENHANCED ABACUS SWITCH
» Packet Interleaving ABACUS SWITCH FOR PACKET SWITCHING
» Cell Interleaving ABACUS SWITCH FOR PACKET SWITCHING
» MSDA Structure MULTIPLE-QOS SDA SWITCH
» OVERVIEW OF CROSSPOINT-BUFFERED SWITCHES OVERVIEW OF INPUT
» Basic Architecture Unicasting Operation
» ROUTING PROPERTIES AND SCHEDULING METHODS
» A SUBOPTIMAL STRAIGHT MATCHING METHOD
» Basic Architecture Distributed and Random Arbitration
» Basic Architecture THE CONTINUOUS ROUND-ROBIN DISPATCHING SWITCH
» Concurrent Round-Robin Dispatching Scheme
» Homogeneous Capacity and Route Assignment
» The Staggering Switch ALL-OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHES
» HYPASS OPTOELECTRONIC PACKET SWITCHES
» STAR-TRACK OPTOELECTRONIC PACKET SWITCHES
» Cisneros and Brackett’s Architecture
» Basic Architecture THE 3M SWITCH
» Cell Delineation Unit THE 3M SWITCH
» VCI-Overwrite Unit Cell Synchronization Unit
» Input and Output Forwarding Engines Input and Output Switch Interfaces
» Route Controller Router Module and Route Controller
» Input Optical Module Output Optical Module Tunable Filters
» Principles of Ping-Pong Arbitration Consider an N-input
» Performance of PPA Implementation of PPA
» Priority PPA Ping-Pong Arbitration Unit
» Component Complexity OIN Complexity
» Power Budget Analysis OPTICAL INTERCONNECTION NETWORK FOR
» Crosstalk Analysis OPTICAL INTERCONNECTION NETWORK FOR
» System Considerations WIRELESS ATM STRUCTURE OVERVIEWS
» NEC’s WATMnet Prototype System
» Olivetti’s Radio ATM LAN Virtual Connection Tree
» BAHAMA Wireless ATM LAN NTT’s Wireless ATM Access
» Radio Physical Layer RADIO ACCESS LAYERS
» Medium Access Control Layer Data Link Control Layer
» Connection Rerouting HANDOFF IN WIRELESS ATM
» Buffering Cell Routing in a COS
» Design of a Mobility-Support Switch
» Performance MOBILITY-SUPPORT ATM SWITCH
» Architectures of Generic Routers
» IP ROUTE LOOKUP BASED ON CACHING TECHNIQUE IP ROUTE LOOKUP BASED ON STANDARD
» Levels 2 and 3 of Data Structure
» Adapting Binary Search for Best-Matching Prefix
» Precomputed 16-Bit Prefix Table Multiway Binary Search: Exploiting the Cache Line
» Lookup Algorithms and Data Structure Construction
» Prefix Update Algorithms IP ROUTE LOOKUPS USING TWO-TRIE STRUCTURE
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