Word for word translation

4610 3.Intro lingual translation between two different languages The intro lingual process comes later when the appropriate expression has been found in the language. Intro lingual translation is an inte rpretation of verbal signs by means of same language for instances; the sentence “He is sleepy” in English as the source language can be translated into Indonesia as the target as “Dia ngantuk”. C.Translation Method Method can be determined as an dearly produced that is established an a general way doing something. Before establishing the method there is one step the step is establishing approach conceptually or in axiomatic way. The term of method, as quoted from Richard and Rodger 1988 : 140 who state the method is an over all plan for orderly presentation of language material, and all of which is based upon. An approach is axiomatic. The objective of using method is in order to make the results adequate. Relating to translation, the translation method is the established procedure in translation that should be followed. So that, the result of translation can be adequate natural and comprehend able to the readers in translating a text. It is important to choose the most suitable method after having comprehended and examined the text that will be translated. There are some kinds of method of translation :

1. Word for word translation

In this method the word of the source language text are rendered on by one into the target language without making allow once for grammar. This is often demonstrated as inter lingual translation with the target language immediately below the source language words. The source language word order is kept unchanged. Actually the main use of word for word translation is either to understand the process of how the source language operates or to explain a difficult text as a translation process. For example : - That child has already slept for three hours English - Anak itu telah tidur selama tiga jam Indonesia 2. Literal Translation This is a kind of translation which attempts is to follow the from of the source language text. This method is useful as a preliminary step for discovering on acceptable method for the text way to translate the text. The source language grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language equivalents but the lexical words are again singly out of context. Actually literal translation has a little communication value and a little help to the readers of target language. 3. Semantic Translation Semantic translation includes more meaning in it‟s search for one meaning. It does not emphasize the effect. It attempts to readers as closely as possible, the semantic and syntactic structure of the receptor language must convey the precise, contextual meaning of the original text in this method the less important cultural words are translated by function terms not by cultural equivalents. For example : - Beware of the dog English - Awas anjing Indonesia After the definition of the translation, the second part which has to be known is concerned with the categories of it. Translation can be divided into three distinctive types, namely full translation, partial translation and rank translation. 1. Full Translation 4611 In a full translation every part of the source language is replaced by target language material. In other words, the entire text is submitted to the translation process. For example : English Indonesia - He has gone to Jakarta Dia telah pergi ke Jakarta - Diana will came Diana akan datang. 2. Partial Translation In partial translation, some parts of the source language text are left untranslated. They are simply transferred to the target language and incorporated in it, because they are regarded as “untranslatable” words for introducing „local color‟ or even because they are so common and frequently used that translation is not needed. For example : - Father ate lutes this morning untranslatable Ayah makan rujak pagi ini. - The jamaah read marhaban local color Jamaah membaca marhaban - He died of TBC common and frequently used Dia meninggal karena TBC. In partial translation, some words undergo both spelling and pronunciation change such as in microfilm English become microfilm Indonesian and orang hutan Indonesian become orang utan English. 4. Rank Translation In the third type of differentiation in translation is related to the rank in grammatical hierarchy at which translation equivalent is established. It can be in the form of : - Word to word translation - Group to group translation - Sentence to sentence translation - Paragraph to paragraph translation, and - Discourse to discourse translation In this types of translation, lexical and grammatical adjustments should be applied to achieve the suitable equivalent in terms of meaning. It will be discussed more deeply in the text passage. Besides the three categories of translation above there are some categories which are proposed by Savory 1969 : 20-24. He distinguished translation categories into four parts as follows : 1. Perfect Translation Perfect translation provides all purely informative statement, they are encountered by traveler and used by advertiser. 2. Adequate Translation In this category, they very large number of almost characterless translations made for the general who may use then without giving a thought to the fact that heshe is reading was not originally written in hisher own language. In the process of translation, the translator can paraphrase the original meaning freely by hisher own words whenever is suits himher to do so. For example is English pop novel is translated into Indonesia. 4612 3. Composite Translation It is the translation of prose into prose, poetry into prose and poetry into poetry. In this category, the commercial value of the translation is often neglected and the translator may spend a very long time on his work. He would only get the intellectual exercise and pleasure. For example : Movie and rental video developers of Medan city to obey regulation No. 11 in 2002 „Pengus aha bioskop dan video rental kota Medan di himbau patuhi perda No. 11 tahun 2002‟. 4. Scientific Translation Scientific translation is made to get the specific aims, that is to attain the accuracy, clearness and precision of the concepts. The translator will have a reasonable knowledge of the science or technique about which the original was written. This will help himher to maintain the aim above. For example : To translate as English text on disease we should have medical background besides the target language knowledge, so that it can be acceptable scientifically. 5.Principles and Method of Translation Translation is a process of replacement of the message from one language to another. Actually, there is no principle which accepted universally since the only people who are qualified to formulate them have never agreed among themselves. But it can be identified as the literal or faithful translation and idiomatic or free translation. Conclusions The last activities in conducting the research is stating the conclusions and suggestions. Conclusions mean that the writer states the points or whatever found after the research has been conducted. Based on the data obtained after carrying out the descriptive research, it is concluded as the following : 1. The students have good level of ability in translation in English text into Bahasa Indonesia. This means that the ability of the student in average is „good‟. 2. The difficulties that they used to get were grammatical translation. In other words, they are only able to translate word by word translation. 3. The students got failure in translating grammatically because they are lazy to think the context and structure. Bibliography ............. 1985. Oxford Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary of Current English. London : Oxford University. Nida . 1969. English Grammar for Today. London : Macmillan. Merriam Webster, 1984. Longman Dictionary of the English Language. Englann Wm, Clews. Martin, J.R. 1992. English Text : Sistem and Structure. Amsterdam : Benjamins. Calfort. 1969. Approach to Translation. London : Oxford Paragon Press. Nida, E.A G.R. Taber. 1989. The Theory and Practice of Translation. London. Richard, J.C. 2003. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching, Cambridge University. Saragih, T. 2003. The Art of Translation. London : Jonathan CAPE. 4613 EKSISTENSI UPAH MINIMUM ATAS HIDUP BERKELAYAKAN TENAGAKERJA Mutawaqil Bilah Tumanggor, SE 5 Abstrak Dalam permasalahan pengkompensasian ada dua unsur utama dalam suatu organisasi atau perusahaan yaitu; unsur dalam lingkungan perusahaan organisasi dan karyawan dan unsur luar lingkungan perusahaan. Variatifnya penetapan besaran upah yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing dewan pengupah baik ditingkat provinsi,regional dan kabupatenkota sangat dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan pihak perusahaan dalam pengupahan dan hal-hal yang tersebut di atas, baik Upah Minimum Regional UMR, Upah Minimum Provinsi UMP, dan Upah Minimum Kabupatenkota UMK. Fungsi komopensasi ada dua yaitu; 1. Penggunaan Sumber Daya Manusia lebih efisien dan lebih efektif. 2. Mendorong Stabilitas dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi. Sedangkan tujuan kompensasi menetukan kebijakan gaji misalnya gaji untuk kinerja dan unsur-unsur sistem gaji yakni, merit daninsentif. Kedua, tujuan menjadi standart evaluasi keberhasilan sistem gaji. Pengertian kompensasi Menurut Hendry Simamora 2004:442, kompensasi compensation adalah meliputi imbalan finansial dan jasa nirwujud serta tunjangan yang diterima oleh para karyawan sebagai ganti kontribusi mereka kepada organisasi. Menurut Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 pasal 1 ayat 33, bahwa upah adalah hak pekerjaburuh yang diterima dan dinyatakan dalam bentuk uang sebagai imbalan dari pengusaha atau sipemberi kerja kepada pekerjaburuh yang ditetapkan dan dibayarkan menurut suatu perjanjian kerja, kesepakatan, atau peraturan perundang- undangan temasuk tunjangan bagi pekerjaburuh dan keluarganya atas suatu pekerjaan dan atau jasa yang telah atau akan dilakukan. Bentuk pemberian upah sampai saat ini masih menjadi perbedaan pemahaman sehingga sering menjadi perdebatan dalam penentuan pemberian upah kepada tenagakerja. Istilah yang sering dipakai sampai sa at ini ada dua yaitu; Kebutuhan Hidup Layak KHL dan Upah Minimum regional UMR dan Upah Minimum Provinsi UMP. Kebutuhan Hidup Layak Bentuk pemberian upah kepada tenagakerja yang satu ini besar kemungkinan sangat berat bagi perusahaan untuk melaksanakannya, sebab pemberian upah dalam bentuk kebutuhan hidup layak sangat rumit karena harus memperhatikan semua komponen kebutuhan hidup yang berstandar layak baik secara fisik, non fisik maupun secara sosial. Kebutuhan hidup layak ± 46-60 komponen kebutuhan hidup yang di bagi menjadi 7 kelompok, yaitu : Kelompok Makan dan Minum, Kelompok Sandang, Kelompok Perumahan, Kelompok Pendidikan, Kesehatan,Kelompok Transfortasi, Kelompok Rekreasi dan Tabungan Semua koponen tersebut harus memenuhi standard Hidup layak baik secara fisik, non fisik maupun sosial. Hal inilah yang mungkin merumitkan pengusaha dalam menerapkan bentuk memberikan kompensasi ini . Bentuk upah minimum ini yang dibedakan menjadi Upah Minimum Provinsi UMP dan Upah Minimum Kabupaten Kota UMK yang menjadi patokan bagi pengusaha karena mengingat secara teoritis pemberian upah minimum diarahkan pada nilai-nilai upah kebutuhan hidup layak. Bentuk inilah berlaku sampai saat ini

A. Pendahuluan