4 Apposition 4
a expository that is, in other words
4.1 b exemplificatory Thus
4.2 5 Comparison
5 a Similar
likewise, in the same way 5.1
b dissimilar on the other hand, by contrast
5.2 2
Adversative
ADV 1 Adversative
„proper’ 1
a Simple yet, though, only
1.1 b +
„and’ But
1.2 c emphatic
however, even so, all 1.3
2 Contrastive Avowal
in point of fact, actually, as a matter of fact
2
3 Contrastive Relations
3
a Simple but, and
3.1 b emphatic
however, conversely, on the other hand
3.2
4 Correction
4 a of meaning
instead, rather, on the contrary 4.1
b of wording at least, I mean
4.2 5
Dismissive relations 5
a Closed in any case, in either case,
whichever 5.1
b open-ended anyhow, at any case
5.2 3
Causal CAU
1 General 1
a Simple so, then, therefore
1.1 b emphatic
consequently, accordingly, because of this
1.2
2 Specific 2
a Reason on account of this
2.1 b Result
in consequence, as a result 2.2
c purpose with this in mind
2.3 3 Reversed causal
for, because 3
4 Conditional 4
a Simple Then
4.1 b emphatic
in that case, in such an event 4.2
c generalized under the circumstances
4.3 d reversed
polarity otherwise, under the
circumstances 4.4
5 Respective 5
a Direct in this respect, here, with
regard to this 5.1
b reversed polarity
otherwise, in other respects, aside
5.2
4
Temporal
TEM 1 Simple
1 a sequential
then, next, afterwards, after 1.1
that b simultaneous
just then, at the same time 1.2
c preceding before that, hitherto, previously
1.3 2 Conclusive
in the end, finally, eventually, at last
2
3 Correlatives form, external
3
a sequential first... then, first… next
3.1 b conclusive
at first… finally, at first…, in the end
3.2
4 Complex 4
a immediate at once, just before
4.1 b interrupted
soon, later, formerly 4.2
c repetitive next time, this time, on this
occasion 4.3
d specific next day, five minutes earlier
4.4 e durative
meanwhile, all this time 4.5
f terminal
until then 4.6
g punctiliar next moment, at this moment
4.7 5 Internal temporal
5 a sequential
then, next 5.1
b conclusive finally, in conclusion
5.2 6 Temporal relation,
correlative form 6
a sequential fisrt, next
6.1
b conclusive in the first place
6.2 7 here and now
7 a Past
up to now, here, up to this point 7.1
b present at this point
7.2 c Future
from now on 7.3
8 Summary 8
a summarizing to sum up, in short, briefly
8.1 b resumptive
to resume 8.2
5 Continuative
now, of course, well, anyway, surely, after all
CON
TRANSLATION PROCEDURES TP No
Name Code Abbreviation
1 Literal
LIT 2
Transposition TRA
3 Modulation
MOD 4
Equivalence EQU
5 Inversion
INV 6
Amplification AMP
7 Implicitation
IMP 8
Explicitation EXP
SHIFTS OF CENJUNCTIVE RELATION SC No
Name Code Abbreviation
1 Explicitness
ESS 2
Implicitness ISS
3 Meaning Change
MEA
E. Data Analysis
The data analysis according to the concepts which are presented as the basis to find the type of conjunctive relation, the
procedure applied by the translator in transferring the conjunctive relations into the target language, and shifts of conjunctive relations.
First in the data analysis, the identification of conjunctive relation in the short stories is conducted. Then the data are classified.
Finally, the data are analyzed based on the scope of the study by applying theory regarding conjunctive relation, the procedure of
translation and shifts of cohesion.
F. Trustworthiness
Reliability test data provision is done by means of observation and recording in perseverance. Both texts were reread
carefully by the researcher so that the data were in accordance with the problems formulated in this research. Moreover, the researcher applied
the triangulation technique to examine the credibility of the data. The triangulation technique was attained by asking other people to discuss
the data in order to know the correct interpretation. The people were the chosen friends with the same major study, and
the researcher’s
consultants. Their capability in analyzing and criticizing translation would be in accordance with this research.
66
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
This research is intended to analyze the Conjunctive Relation in Ernest Hemingway’s short stories entitled “The Snows of
Kilimanjaro ”, “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”, “The Gambler, The
Nun, and The Radio ”, “Fathers and Sons”, “The Short Happy Life of
Francis Macomber ” and their translation in Bahasa Indonesia as
realized in “Salju Kilimanjaro”, “Tempat yang Bersih dan Terang”, “Kebahagiaan Hidup Francis Macomber”, “Penjudi, Perawat, dan
Radio”, and “Ayah dan Anak”.
As mentioned in the first chapter, this research has three objectives; to identify the types of conjunctive relation found in the
original short stories, to find the procedures applied by the translator in translating the conjunctive relation, and to identify the shifts of
conjunctive relation as the effect of the translation process. The result of this research is explained in findings and discussion section. The
data gained will be presented in the findings section and the explanation will be conveyed in detail in the discussion section.
A. Findings
There are three points in this section. The first section presents the findings of the types of conjunctive relation in the original short
stories. The second one presents the findings of translation procedures applied by the translator in transferring the conjunctive relation into
Bahasa Indonesia. The last one presents the findings of the shifts of the conjunctive relation in the
translation of Hemingway’s short stories into Bahasa Indonesia.
1. Types of Conjunctive Relation Found in the Hemingway’s Short
Stories
Based on the analysis of the conjunctive relation in the original short stories of Ernest Hemingway, there are 272 ties of conjunctive
relation gained as the data of this study. The type, the frequency, and the percentage of the occurrences of the conjunctive relation in this
study are presented in Table 6.
