Objectives of the Research Significance of the Research

conveying the idea from the source language SL into the target language TL. Based on Catford 1965:20, translation is the replacement of textual material in one language by equivalent textual material in another language. In The Concise of Oxford Dictionary , translation n is 1 the act or an instance of translating, 2 a written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word, speech, book, etc. in another language. The first of these two senses relates to translation as a process, the second to the product. This immediately means that the term translation encompasses very distinct perspectives. The first sense focuses on the role of the translator in taking the original or source text ST and turning it into a text in another language the target text, TT. The second sense centers on the concrete translation product produced by the translator Hatim and Munday, 2004:3. Newmark 1981:7 describes translation as a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message andor statement in one language by the same message andor statement in another language. The idea refers to the significance goal of translation process; it is to transfer the message from one language into another language which is natural, understood able, and readable in the target language readers. Thus, the translator needs to recognize the standards of textuality in both languages. Bell 1991: 6 also proposes the notion about translation; it is the replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. Text in different languages can be equivalent in different degrees fully or partially equivalent, in respect of different levels of presentation equivalent in respect of context, of semantics, of grammar, of lexis, etc and at different ranks word-for-word, phrase-for-phrase and sentence-for-sentence. That is because languages are different from each other; they are different in form of having distinct codes and rules regulating the construction of grammatical stretches of language and these forms have different meanings ibid. In line with the definitions above, translation is a process involving two languages, the source language SL and target language TL. The act of translating is the act of reproducing or recreating the message of the SL text into the TL text. This statement highlights that translating is rather an act of transferring the message from one language into another language that can be well understood in the TL text.

a. Types of Translation

A linguist, Roman Jacobson in Hatim and Munday, 2004:5, makes a very important distinction between three types of written translation; intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation. In intralingual translation, a message is transferred within the same language such as a translation of a dialect into other dialect in a same language or translation within the same language, which can involve rewording or paraphrase. In interlingual translation, there are two or more languages involved with different natures, structures and characteristics. In intersemiotic translation, the message is transferred from one symbol system or sign system into a language or another form or it is the translation of the verbal sign by a non-verbal sign, for example music or image. Catford 1865:21 divides translation into some classifications in terms of the extent, levels, and ranks. The definitions for each classification in details are presented below. 1 Translations in the terms of extent