3 Reversed causal
for, because
4 Conditional a
simple
Then
b emphatic
in that case, in such an event
c generalized
under the circumstances
d reversed polarity
otherwise, under the circumstances
5 Respective a
direct
in this respect, here, with regard to this
b reversed polarity
otherwise, in other respects, aside
4 Temporal
1 Simple a
sequential
and then, next, afterwards, after that
b simultaneous
just then, at the same time
c preceding
before that, hitherto, previously
2 Conclusive
in the end, finally, eventually, at last
3 Correlatives form, external a
sequential first... then, first… next
b conclusive
at first… finally, at first…,
in the end
4 Complex a
immediate
at once, just before
b interrupted
soon, later, formerly
c repetitive
next time, this time, on this occasion
d specific
next day, five minutes earlier
e durative
meanwhile, all this time
f terminal
until then
g punctiliar
next moment, at this moment
5 Internal temporal a
sequential
then, next
b conclusive
finally, in conclusion
6 Temporal relation, correlative form
a sequential
fisrt, next
b conclusive
in the first place
7 here and now a
past
up to now, here, up to this point
b present
at this point
c future
from now on
8 Summary a
summarizing
to sum up, in short, briefly
b resumptive
to resume
5 Continuative
now, of course, well, anyway, surely, after all
c. Translation Procedures
This study adopts Vinay and Darbelnet ’s translation
procedures. They are Borrowing, Calque, Literal, Transposition, Modulation, Equivalence, Adaptation, Compensation, Concentration,
Dissolution, Amplification, Economy, Reinforcement, Condensation, Explicitation, Implicitation, Generalization, Particularization, and
Inversion Vinay and Darbelnet in Molina Albir, 2002; and in Venuti 2000.
Table 2. Translation Procedures No
Translation Procedures
Example
1 Borrowing
SL: Computer TL:
Komputer
2 Calque
SL: Software TL:
Perangkat lunak
3 Literal
SL: I will buy a book
.
TL:
Saya akan membeli sebuah buku.
4 Transposition
SL: He would not write about his experience in France. Nor about his
woman there. TL:
Dia tidak akan menulis tentang pengalamannya saat di Perancis. Juga
tidak akan menulis tentang wanita itu.
5 Modulation
SL: Could you give me a favor? TL:
Dapatkah kalian menolongku?
6 Equivalence
SL: It is raining cats and dogs today. TL:
Hujan deras sekali hari ini.
7 Adaptation
SL: as white as snow TL:
suputih kapas
8 Compensation
SL: a pair of scissors TL:
sebuah gunting
9 Concentration
SL: a cup of coffee TL:
secangkir kopi
10 Dissolution
SL: a whiteboard TL:
sebuah papan tulis putih
11 Amplification
SL: Ramadhan is the ninth month of Islamic calendar.
TL:
Bulan puasa kaum muslim adalah bulan kesembilan pada kalender islam.
12 Economy
SL: He is good looking man. TL:
Ia tampan
. 13
Reinforcement SL: Shall I phone for a cab?
TL:
Voulez-vous que je telephone pour faire venir une voiture?
This procedure is devoted only for English and French
14 Condensation
SL: Entrée de la garde
TL:
To the station
This procedure is devoted only for English and French
15 Explicitation
SL: If it had not been she it would have been another.
TL:
Dan kalau bukan salah dia, sudah pasti salah seorang dari perempuan-
perempuan lain yang pernah melintas di hidupnya.
16 Implicitation
ST: So then the letter in answer to the one he had written came in on a platter one
morning TL:
Surat balasan bagi surat yang dikirimkannya dulu diantarkan padanya
di atas baki pada suatu pagi.
17 Generalization
SL: nephew, cousin TL:
sepupu
18 Particularization
SL: air transportation TL:
pesawat
19 Inversion
SL: I am awfully sorry about the odor, though.
TL:
Tapi maafkan baunya yang tak tertahankan ini.
e. Shifts of Cohesion
The orientation of this study concerning on shifts of cohesion is based on the theory proposed by Blum-Kulka in Venuti 2000
about „Shifts of Cohesion and Coherence in Translation, for the classification of cohesion shift of expression.
This study will investigate shifts of conjunctive relation between sentences as the effect of the translation of
Hemingway’s short stories into Bahasa Indonesia. The investigation of the shift will
cover the shift in the level ofexplicitness, implicitness, and also meaning change.
Table 3. Shifts in the Translation of Conjunctive Relation No
Kinds of the Shifts
Meaning
1 Explicitness
The implicit conjunctive relation in the ST is explicitated in the TT. So the general
level of the target texts’ textual explicitness is higher or lower than that of
the ST. 2
Implicitness The conjunctive relations in the ST are not
realized in the TT. 3
Meaning Change The explicit and implicit meaning
potential of the source text changes through translation.
