A. Findings
There are three points in this section. The first section presents the findings of the types of conjunctive relation in the original short
stories. The second one presents the findings of translation procedures applied by the translator in transferring the conjunctive relation into
Bahasa Indonesia. The last one presents the findings of the shifts of the conjunctive relation in the
translation of Hemingway’s short stories into Bahasa Indonesia.
1. Types of Conjunctive Relation Found in the Hemingway’s Short
Stories
Based on the analysis of the conjunctive relation in the original short stories of Ernest Hemingway, there are 272 ties of conjunctive
relation gained as the data of this study. The type, the frequency, and the percentage of the occurrences of the conjunctive relation in this
study are presented in Table 6.
Table 6. The Types of Conjunctive Relation in Hemingway’s Short
Stories No
Types of Conjunctive Relation ƒ
∑ 1
Additive
a simple additive 47
17.27
63 23.16
b Negative 10
3.17 c Alternative
5 1.59
d complex additive 1
0.32
2 Adversative
a Simple 47
17.27
78 28.68
b + „and’
3 1.10
c contrastive avowal 1
0.32 d simple contrastive relation
24 8.82
e emphatic contrastive 2
0.64 f
correction of meaning 1
0.32
3 Causal
a general, simple 20
7.35
27 9.92
b reversed causal 3
0.95 c Conditional
4 1.47
4 Temporal
a simple sequential 50
18.38
64 23.52
b Simultaneous 4
1.27 c Conclusive
2 0.64
d correlative sequential 4
1.47 e Interrupted
1 0.32
f internal sequential
2 0.64
g Conclusive 1
0.32
5 Continuative
40 12.70
Total 272
100
Table 6 shows that the adversative type is the most frequent ties which are found in Hemingway’s short stories. The total
occurrences of the adversative type are 78 ties or 28.68. Under the
heading of the adversative type, the relations which are found in the short stories are expressed in the forms of adver
sative „proper’ simple with 47 ties or 20.63, containing relation with three ties or
1.10, contrastive relations avowal with one ties or 0.36, simple contrastive relations external with 24 ties or 8.82, emphatic
contrastive relations with two ties or 0.73, and correction of meaning with one ties or 0.36.
Temporal type has the total occurrences 64 ties or 23.52. Under the heading of the temporal type, the relations which are found
in the short stories are expressed in the forms of simple temporal relations „sequential’ with 50 ties or 18.38, simultaneous four ties or
1.47, simple conclusive relations two ties or 0.73, sequential correlative forms four ties or 1.47, complex temporal relations
„interrupted’ one tie or 0.36, internal sequential has 2 ties or 0.73, and conclusive temporal relations internal has one tie or
0.36. The frequency of the adversative type is followed that of the
additive type with the total occurrences are 63 ties or 23.16. Under the heading of additive type, the relations which are found in the short
stories are expressed in the forms of simple additive relations external and internal: additive with 47 or 17.27; negative with 10 ties or
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