Types of Cohesion Notions of Cohesion
between the parts of the text Suzane, 1994. Conjunctive relation as part of cohesion is a semantic relation which link sentences together.
The feature of conjunctive relations can be signaled by some various devices and, they establish cohesion between sentences. Whereas the
conjunction which least cohesive i.e. subordinators is differ from what is meant by conjunctive relations. It is because cohesion is a
relation occurs between sentences and not within sentence Halliday and Hassan, 1976.
There is the same concept of English conjunction with
perangkaian
in Bahasa Indonesia. The conjunction covers the use of adjunct as a signal to mark the semantic relationship they perceive as
holding between the sentences they produce. There are six types of Bahasa Indonesia
perangkaian
Tarigan, 1993; Adversative; realized by
tetapi, namun, bagaimanapun juga, padahal
, Kausal causal; realized by
oleh sebab itu, karena itu, sehingga
, Koordinatif Coordinatif; realized
dan, atau, di samping itu
, Korelatif Corelative;
entah, baik, maupun, demikian juga
, Subordinatif;
meskipun, kalau, bahwa
, and Temporal; realized by
sebelum, sesudah, sekarang
. Baker 1991:191 also investigates conjunction and she gives
some points to be noted: first, the same conjunction may be used to
signal different relations, depending on the context. Second, conjunctive relations can be expressed by a variety of means; the use
of connective is not the only device for expressing a temporal or causal relation, for instance in English, a temporal relation may be
expressed by means of a verb such as
follow
or
precede,
and a causal relation is inherent in the meanings of verb such as
cause
and
lead to
. But it is common for a language user to recognize a semantic relation
for example time sequence without any explicit signal. Third, conjunctive relations do not just reflect relations between external
phenomena but may also be set up to reflect relations which are internal to the text or communicative situation. For instance, temporal
relations are not restricted to sequence in real time: they may reflect stages in the unfolding text, for example, the use of
first, second
and
third
in this paragraph. According to Halliday and Hassan 1976, the different types
of conjunctive relations that enter into cohesion are not the same as the elementary logical relations that are expressed through the structural
medium of coordination. The conjunctive relations are textual; they represent the generalized types of connection that were recognized as
holding between sentences. These depend in the last resort on the meaning that the sentences, express, and essentially these are two
kinds: experiential, representing, the linguistic interpretation of experience, and interpersonal, representing participation in the
speech situation. It means that the phenomena of conjunctive relations which can be grouped into four categories that may occur in either
„internal’ or „external’ context. This distinction, which derives from the functional basis of the semantic system, determines the locus of
conjunction; the conjunction may be located in the phenomena that constitute in the context of what is being said external, or in the
interaction itself, the social process that constitutes the speech even internal Halliday Hasan, 1976. This study focuses on the
conjunctive relations which occur between sentences.