Therefore, the conjunctive relation as the logical relationship
marker between sentences which are
found in Hemingway’s short stories will be studied in this research.
B. Research Focus
This research focuses only on the conjunctive relations found in five
Ernest Hemingway’s short stories: 1 “The Snows of Kilimanjaro
”, 2 “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”, 3 “The Gambler, The Nun, and The Radio
”, 4 “Fathers and Sons”, and 5 “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber
”. Those are taken from a compilation book of Heming
way’s short stories entitled
The First Forty-Nine Stories by Ernest Hemingway
, published by Jonathan Cape, Thirty Bedford Square, London. And their realizations in
Bahasa Indonesia are taken from Ursula G. Buditjahja ’s work entitled
Kumpulan Cerita Pendek Ernest Hemingway Salju Kilimanjaro
. The data of this study are the sentences which contain the conjunctive
relations. The example of the data is presented below.
SE: „I was acolyte,’ the thin one said proudly. „Now I
believe in nothing. Neither
do I go to mass.’ p.450 TE:
‘Aku dulu pernah jadi pembantu pendeta,’ kata si kurus dengan bangga. ‘Sekarang aku tak punya agama. Pergi
ke misa saja tidak pernah
.’
p.94
Based on the example above, the conjunctive relation
“neither” is classified into the additive type. It is part of simple
additive which shows negative relation. This relation usually
expressed by “neither”, “nor”, “and... not”, and “not either”. The
conjunctive
“neither” in the example above is correlated tightly with
the previous idea. It has a function to relate the negative idea from the sentences before. It indicates that there is something more to be said
from the speaker that beside he does not have any religion anymore, he also never go to mass. The negative ideas in this way are connected by
the presence of conjunctive relation “neither”. In the data above, the conjunctive relation “neither” is translated into “tidak pernah” in the
TT. It is not literally translated by the translator since there is no literal
translation for the conjunctive “neither” in the target language. Thus,
the translator adopts transposition procedure in translating the conjunctive “neither” into the TT. In the TT, the position of the
conjunctive “neither” is changed. It is placed in the end of the sentence by the translator. By this procedure, the actual message of the ST is
understandable in the TT. There is no shift of conjunctive relation found in the example of the data above.
In line with the example of the data above, the focus discussion of the research will cover the types of conjunctive relations, the
translation procedures, and shift of the conjunctive relations. Here are the formulations of the problem.
1. What are the types of the conjunctive relations found in Ernest
Hemingway’s short stories? 2.
What are the translation procedures applied by the translator in expressing the conjunctive relations into the target text?
3. What are the translation shifts of the conjunctive relations occurring in
the target text?
C. Objectives of the Research
Based on the problems formulated above, the objectives in this study are to reveal:
1. the types of conjunctive relation found in Hemingway’s short stories,
2. the procedures applied by the translator in expressing the conjunctive
relations into Bahasa Indonesia, and 3.
the translation shifts of the conjunctive relations occurring in the target text.
D. Significance of the Research
Based on the research focus and objective of the study, the significances of the study is stated as follows.
1. The result of the study is useful as additional knowledge to improve
the vocabulary of the conjunctive relation as cohesive device for anyone who has interest in learning English in order to create an
English text which is understandable. 2.
The study is useful for the translators to give more knowledge about the conjunctive relation in order to understand the source text better
and to know the occurrence of shifts in the translation of the conjunctive relation as cohesive device in the target language.
3. This study is useful for the translators to give more knowledge in
choosing the right procedures in translating English conjunctive relation into Bahasa Indonesia.
4. The result of the study also can add some informative input for those
who want to carry on further research in the same field.
