scabrous. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rhachilla extension; dorsally compressed, acute, 3 mm long, falling entire. Glumes
dissimilar. Lower glume ovate, 0.4 mm long, apex obtuse. Upper glume 1.5 mm long, membraneous, 3-nerved, surface glabrous, margin ciliate, apex acute. Florets: basal
sterile florets barren, without significant palea; lemma elliptic, as long as the spikelets, membraneous, 5-nerved, pilose, hairy between nerves, ciliate on margins, acute.
Fertile lemma elliptic, 3 mm long, cartilaginous, without keel, 3-nerved; surface smooth, margins flat, apex acute. Anthers 3, 0.6 mm long. Caryopsis 2 mm long, with
adherent pericarp.
Notes
Found in North Africa, China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia, Mexico, and Brazil. Often confused with Digitaria ciliaris Retz. Koeler.
Distribution at Sulawesi
Central: Palu, Pakuli, Alt. 50 m; Kapopo, Alt. 330 m; Mt. Gawalise, Alt. 255 m.
Habitat
Weed species, fodder, found along roadsides, disturbed places, waste places, drained soils, cultivated grounds, on sandy riverbanks, sandy sites, wet sand, wet
riverbed, dry hillsides, open areas, in soybean and corn fields. Specimen examined
Posthumus 2259 BO; Lasut 947 WALL; Papa 298 WALL.
29.3. Digitaria ciliaris Retz. Koeler. Descr. Gram. : 27. 1802.
Asprella digitaria Lam. Encycl. 1: 167. 1891. Digitaria abortiva Reeder. J. Arnold Arbor. 293: 291-292, pl. 2. 1948.
Digitaria adscendens Kunth Henrard. Blumea 11: 92. 1934. Digitaria brevifolia Link. Hort. Berol. 1: 225. 1827.
Digitaria fimbriata Link. Hort. Berol. 1: 226. 1827. Digitaria henryi Rendle. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36253: 323. 1904.
Digitaria marginata Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 102. 1821. Digitaria pes-avis Buse. Pl. Jungh. 380. 1854.
Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop. Fl. Carniol. ed.2 1: 52. 1771. Digitaria sasakii Honda Tuyama. J. Jap. Bot. 18: 13. 1942.
Digitaria timorensis Kunth. Bal. J. Bot. Morot 47: 138. 1890. Panicum brachyphyllum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 42. 1855.
Panicum ciliare Retz. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 360. 1851. Syntherisma ciliaris Retz. Schrad. Fl. Germ. 1: 160. 1806.
Syntherisma marginatum Link Nash. N. Amer. Fl. 172: 154. 1912. Syntherisma sasakii Honda. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 41. 1925.
Plants annual, rooting on the lower nodes. Culms 50 cm long, decumbent, branching. Sheaths keeled, pilose. Ligule an eciliate membrane, truncate. Blades 15
cm by 6 mm. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 5, unilateral, 15 cm long. Rachis winged, angular, glabrous on surface, or with scattered hairs, scabrous on
margins. Spikelet packing contiguous. Spikelets appressed, in pairs. Fertile spikelets pedicelled, 2 in the cluster; comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile floret, without
rhachilla extension; elliptic, dorsally compressed, 3 mm long, acute, falling entire. Glumes dissimilar, shorter than spikelet, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume 0.3
mm long, ovate. Upper glume 0.6 times length of spikelet, membraneous, 3-nerved; surface pubescent, hairy between nerves; apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets
barren, without significant palea; lemma as long as spikelet, elliptic, membraneous, 7- nerved, hairy between nerves, eciliate on margins, acute. Fertile lemma 2.8 mm long,
elliptic, cartilaginous, without keel, 3-nerved; margins flat, apex acute. Anthers 3.
Notes
Found in Southeastern Europe, North Africa, Soviet, Arabia, China, India, Indo- China, Malesia, Australia, Mexico, and Brazil. Grain used as a famine food, a variable
and polymorphic species widely naturalized, forage species, good green fodder, best fed after flowering, quite palatable, good pasture, good hay, for silage used only after
flowering, a common bad weed of crops, a weed of maize and rice in the tropics, occasional weed in roadbed, useful for erosion control.
Distribution at Sulawesi
Central: Palu, Kulawi, Alt. 700 m.
Habitat
Grows on poor soils, lawn, weedy places, open habitats, along trail, sandy soils and loams, rocky soil along river margin, in sand behind beach, field borders,
disturbed areas and waste places, open savannah, coarse sand, alluvial plains, ditches. Specimen examined
Posthumus
2366 BO.
29.4.
Digitaria fuscescens Presl. Henrard. Meded. Rijk’s-Herb. 61:8. 1930.
Digitaria longiflora Retz. Pers. Syn. Pl. 1: 85. 1805. Digitaria pseudo-ischaemum Buse. Pl. Jungh. 382. 1854.
Panicum fuscescens J. Presl. Reliq. Haenk. : 213. 1830. Paspalum fuscescens J. Presl. Reliq. Haenk. 14-5: 213. 1830.
Syntherisma fuscescens J. Presl. Scribn. Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 49, t. 10. 1899.
Plants perennial, creeping stolons, rooting at the nodes. Culms up to 45 cm long. Sheaths glabrous. Ligule 0.5-2 mm long, truncate, erose. Blades 1-5 cm by 2-5 mm,
glabrous. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 2 or 3, digitate, ascending- erect, 1-7 cm long. Rachis broadly winged, with rounded midrib. Pedicels unequal.
Spikelets in threes: Fertile spikelets pedicelled, 3 in the cluster; comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rhachilla extensions; elliptic, dorsally
compressed, 1.2-1.6 mm long, falling entire. Glumes dissimilar. Lower glume absent, rarely a minute scarious collar. Upper glume as long as the spikelet, elliptic,
membraneous, without keels, 3-5-nerved, apically anastomosing, surface glabrous, apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, without significant palea; lemma
elliptic, as long as spikelet, membraneous, 7-nerved, glabrous, acute. Fertile lemma 1.2-1.6 mm long, cartilaginous, without keel; margin flat, apex acute.
Notes
Found in West tropical Africa, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Mesoamericana, and Brazil. Weed and variable species, lawn grass, naturalized, weed of rice in Indonesia
Distribution at Sulawesi
Celebes.
Habitat
Savannah, woods, weedy waste places, fields borders, roadsides, along trails. Specimen examined
Balgooy Mamesah 6278 BO.
29.5. Digitaria junghuhniana Steud. Henrard. Meded. Rijk’s-Herb. 61:8. 1930.
