Spikelets paired. Sessile spikelets awned and fertile with one fertile floret above a sterile floret; callus obtuse. Pediceled spikelets unawned and sterile or male; 1 pair of
spikelets may be unisexual. Glumes more or less similar and sometimes with small indentations or with a pit on the back. Lower glumes non-pitted or pitted. Upper
lemma of fertile spikelets entire and awned. Palea present or absent. Lodicule 2, free and fleshy. Stamen 1-3. Ovary glabrous. Stigma 2, red. Caryopsis dorsiventrally
compressed and lanceolate. Weed species, important livestock forage in grasslands and savannah, cultivated
for fodder, palatability to stock varies with its stage of growth, most species are hardy, attractive and ornamental, drought-tolerant, found in grassy places, grasslands, dry
areas, open habitats, roadsides, poor soils, rainforest.
11.1. Bothriochloa bladhii Retz. S.T. Blake. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland 806:
62-64. 1969. Andropogon bladhii Retz. Observ. Bot. 2: 27. 1781.
Andropogon intermedius R. Br. Prodr. 1: 202. 1810. Andropogon punctatus Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1820 1: 268. 1820.
Andropogon glaber Roxb. Fl. Ind. ed. 1820 1: 271. 1820. Andropogon haenkei Presl. Reliq. Haenk. 14-5: 340. 1830.
Andropogon caucasicus Trin. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Petersbourg, Ser. 6, Sci Math. 23: 286. 1832.
Andropogon perfossus Ness Meyen ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. 1: 92. 1840. Andropogon inundatus F. Muell. Linnaea 254: 444. 1853.
Amphilophis glabra Roxb. Stapf. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 172. 1917. Amphilophis intermedia R. Br. Stapf. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 174. 1917.
Bothriochloa glabra Roxb. A. Camus. Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, ser.2, 76: 164. 1931.
Bothriochloa inundata F. Muell. J. M. Black. Trans. Proc. Roy. Soc. South Australia 60: 163. 1936.
Bothriochloa caucasica Trin. C.E. Hubb. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1939: 101. 1939.
Dichanthium ischaemum L. Roberty. Boissiera 9: 160. 1960. Dichanthium intermedium R. Br. de Wet J.R. Harlan. Amer. J. Bot. 531:
97. 1966. Dichanthium bladhii Retz. Clayton. Kew Bull. 321: 3. 1977.
Plants perennial, tufted, aromatic. Culms 40-135 cm long, erect. Sheaths hairless and round. Ligule an ciliate membrane. Blades 40-155 cm by 3-12 mm, flat,
or folded. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes numerous, borne along a central axis, 2-5 cm long. Central inflorescence axis 4-20 cm long. Rachis fragile at
the nodes, flattened, ciliate on margins, internodes linear. Spikelets in pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile, 1 in the cluster. Pedicels linear, flattened, with a translucent median
line, ciliate. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension; elliptic, dorsally compressed, 3-4 mm long, falling entire; spikelet
callus pilose, base obtuse, attached transversely. Glumes dissimilar, exceeding apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume elliptic, as long as spikelet,
chartaceous, without keels, surface flat, pilose, hairy below. Upper glume lanceolate, 1-keeled, margins ciliate. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, without significant
palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret 2.5 mm long, hyaline; without nerve, midnerve, and lateral nerve, ciliolate on margins. Fertile lemma linear, hyaline, without keel, 1-
nerved, apex entire, 1-awned; principal awn 8-23 mm long, with twisted glabrous column. Palea absent. Stamen 3. Anthers yellow.
Notes
Found in Africa, Asia, Australasia, Pasific, South America. Weed species, native pasture species, cultivated, suitable for hay and silage, grazed while still young,
excellent fodder, forage, useful for erosion control, drought- and short-term flooding- resistant, naturalized in dry zones on open hillsides.
Distribution at Sulawesi
North: Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Pindol, Bukit Rata Tujuh, Alt. 500 m; Bolaang Mongondow, Kotamobagu, Lolak, Alt. 60 m, 0
50’ N 124 11’ E.
Central: Donggala, Alt. c. 40 m. South : Bantimurung and vicinity, Alt. 50 m; Pasoei, c. 600 m; Rante Pao, Alt. 600 m. Southeast: Buton Island, Bau-Bau; Kendari, Angora
village, Alt. 10 m; Kendari; 121 km from Kendari to Kolaka, Alt. 160 m; 123 km from Kendari towards Kolaka, Alt. 250 m; 90 Km from Kendari to Kolaka, Alt. 45 m; 182
Km from Kendari, Langori – Wunduloko, Alt. 0 m; Kabaena, Batu Sangia peak, c. 7 km W of Tangkeno, Alt. 1200-1250 m, 5
16’S 121 54’ E.
Habitat
Common along roadsides, swamp margins, streamsides, damp places, rough grassland, on riverbanks, moist sites, disturbed habitats.
Specimen examined
Kjellberg 13, 3008, 3704 BO; Posthumus 2652 BO; McDonald Ismail 4106 BO; TU 2736 WALL; Mehra Supriadi 1173 BO; Buwalda 3812 BO;
Mehra 4, 6, 11, 51, 84, 91, 111 BO. 14.
CAPILLIPEDIUM Stapf. Type: Capillipedium parviflorum R. Br. Stapf. Fl.
Trop. Afr. 9: 11, 169. 1917.
Fillipedium Raizada S.K. Jain. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 682. 1951; Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 814: 775-783. 1994.
From Latin
capillus, “the hair” and pes, pedis “foot”, referring to the spikelets, pedicels and base are ciliate, or alluding to the spikelets borne on capillary panicle
branches.
About 14 species, Eastern Africa, tropical Asia, New Caledonia, Australia. Plants annual or perennial, erect and slender, sometimes decumbent or caespitose,
rambling, usually scented or sometimes aromatic, tufted, stout, herbaceous. Nodes bearded or hairly. Auricle absent. Ligule membraneous and more or less fringed.
Plants bisexual, elongate inflorescence; a panicle open with capillary branchlets, racemes short on slender and glandular branches; panicle branches bearing short
racemes of 1-8 sessile spikelets, terminal spikelets in triplets; sessile spikelets with 1 fertile floret and 1 sterile lemma; pedicellate spikelets flattened, short racemes often
reduced to triads. Glumes 2, more or less equal. Upper glume boat-shaped or naviculate. Lower glume 2-keeled. Palea absent. Lodicule free and fleshy. Stamen 3.
Ovary glabrous. Stigma 2. Ornamental, weeed species, essential oil with antibacterial efficacy, found in
open grassy places.
Key to the Species
1.a. Culms decumbent, more than 150 cm long; racemes bearing few fertile spikelets; sterile spikelets longer than fertile spikelets ….
………………………………………………….14.1. Capillipedium assimile b. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending, less than 150 cm long; racemes bearing a
triad of spikelets; sterile spikelets shorter than fertile spikelets ……………………………………………..14.2. Capillipedium parviflorum
14.1. Capillipedium assimile Steud. A. Camus. Fl. Indo.-Chine 7: 314. 1922.
