Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension; ovate, dorsally compressed, 3-4 mm long, falling entire, symmetrical, acute.
Glumes similar, reaching apex of florets, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate, 0.8 times length of spikelet, membraneous, no keels, 5-nerved; apex acute.
Upper glume elliptic, as long as spikelet, membraneous, no keels, 7-nerved; apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, with palea, or without significant palea;
lemma similar to upper glume, elliptic, as long as spikelet, membraneous, 5-nerved, acute. Fertile lemma elliptic, dorsally compressed, 3-4 mm long, indurate, no keels, 5-
nerved; surface rugulose; margins involute; apex obtuse, mucronate; principal lemma awn 0.5 mm long. Palea indurate.
Notes
Found in Africa, China, Eastern Asia, India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Pasific.
Distribution at Sulawesi
Central: Palu, Alt. 75 m.
Habitat
On the roadside.
Specimen examined
Lasut 937 WALL.
92.2. Urochloa maxima Jacq. R.D. Webster. Austral. Paniceae 241. 1987.
Megathyrsus maximus Jacq. B.K. Simon S.W.L. Jacobs. Austrobaileya 63: 572. 2003.
Panicum maximum Jacq. Icon. Pl. Rar. 1: 2, pl. 13. 1781; Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 78: 509-540. 1996.
Plants perennial, caespitose. Culms 50-250 cm long, erect, or geniculately ascending, robust, or slender. Sheaths fringed near the blade. Ligule a ciliate
membrane, 1.5 mm long. Blades 10-70 cm by 10-50 mm, apex acuminate. Inflorescence a panicle, 10-50 cm long. Primary panicle branches ascending, or
spreading, whorled at lower nodes. Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels straight, or flexuous, glabrous, or bearing a few hairs, hairy at tip. Fertile
spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile floorets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension; oblong, dorsally compressed, 3-5 mm long, falling entire. Glumes dissimilar, reaching
apex of florets, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate, 0.5 times length of spikelet, membraneous, no keels, 3-nerved; surface glabrous, or pubescent; apex
obtuse, or acute. Upper glume ovate, as long as spikelet, membraneous, 5-nerved; surface glabrous, or pubescent; apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets male, or
barren, with palea; lemma similar to upper glume, ovate, as long as spikelet, membraneous, 5-nerved, without grooves, glabrous, or pubescent, acute. Fertile
lemma oblong, dorsally compressed, 2-5 mm long, indurate, no keel; surface rugose; margins involute; apex obtuse. Palea involute, indurate; surface rugose.
Notes
Found in Europe, Africa, Western Asia, Arabia, China, Eastern Asia, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australasia, Pasific, North and South America.
Distribution
North: Gorontalo. Central: Between Palu and Palolo, Alt. 105 m.
Habitat
Opened area, near the roadside.
Specimen examined leg. ign. 33 BO; Papa 322 WALL; Lasut 968 WALL.
92.3. Urochloa mutica Forssk. T.-Q. Nguyen. Novosti Sist., Vysa. Rast. 1966: 13.
1966. Brachiaria glabrinodis Hack. Henrard. Blumea 33: 435. 1940; Fl.
Mesoamer. 6: 331-333. 1994. Brachiaria mutica Forrsk. Stapf. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 526. 1919; Blumea 412:
413-437. 1996.
Plants perennial, creeping, or scambling. Culms 150 cm long, succulent, in shorter, or longer lower part creeping or floating, in upper part erect, slanting, or
scrambling, branched. Nodes densely patent hairy; internodes diameter c. 6 mm long. Sheaths 10 cm long, rounded, densely patent hairy. Ligule basal part 0.5 mm long,
hairs at tip 1.6 mm long, a fringe of hairs. Blades 18 cm long by 14 mm long, glabrous on both sides, the margin cartilaginous and scabrid, acuminate to a slender point, base
cordate and hairy. Inflorescence c, 20 cm long, well exserted, consisting of a principal axis from which branch a series of branches, the upper ones being racemes, the lower 7
cm long with short secondary branches, racheme-rachis flat, flexuous, carrying the spikelets, in pairs, alternately on each side of the median keel. Spikelets 3.2 mm long,
numerous, pedicels scaberulous with tubercle-based bristles. Glumes dissimilar. Lower glume 1.1 mm long, not clasping, broadly ovate-acute, 1-nerved. Upper glume
3.2 mm long, 5-nerved, boat-shaped, pointed, glabrous; lower floret 3 mm long, male,
pointed, 5-nerved; palea 2.8 mm long, hyaline, 2-nerved; upper floret 2.4 mm long, hermaphrodite, lemma indurated, boat-shaped with a distinct apiculus, enclosing the
similar textured palea 2 mm long. Stamens 3. Anthers 1.6 mm long. Stigmata 2.
Notes
Found in Africa, Western Asia, Arabia, China, Eastern Asia, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australasia, Pasific, and Brazil.
Distribution at Sulawesi
North: Tomohon; Manado. South: Makasar.
Habitat
Sunny or partially shaded, humid or wet places; in and along the water.
Specimen examined
Alston 16324 BO; Tammes s.n. BO; Mahyar, Sunarti, Hamzah PTU 45 BO.
92.4.
Urochloa reptans L. Stapf. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 601. 1920.
Brachiaria reptans L. C.A. Gardner C.E. Hubb. Hooker’s Icon. Pl. 343: pl. 3363, f. 3. 1938; Blumea 412: 413-437. 1996.
Panicum calaccanzense Steud. Syn. Pl. 1: 65. 1853.
Plants annual, creeping at the base. Culms 45 cm long, slender, hollow,
glabrous, rooting from lower nodes. Sheaths 3 cm long, terete, minutely hairy with a
thick fringe along the margin Ligule 1 mm long, with shallow fringed membrane. Blades 7 cm long by 8 mm long, the base cordate and clasping, narrowing to an
acuminate point, minutely hairy on both faces and with a few long hairs at the base. Inflorescence 4 cm long, well exserted, the main axis glabrous and bearing c. 8
racemes, close together, the lower with an expanded axiscarrying the spikelets in pairs alternately along one face, the upper more angular and less regular. Spikelets 2 mm
long, numerous, the pedicels bearing tubercle-based bristles. Glumes dissimilar. Lower glume 0.2 mm long, clasping, hyaline, minute scarcely. Upper glume 2 mm
long, 9-nerved, boat-shaped, pointed. Florets: lower floret 1.8 mm long, neuter or male, lemma 5-nerved, rather narrow, pointed; palea thin; upper floret 1.6 mm long,
hermaphrodite, lemma indurated, boat-shaped with a minute apiculus, 3 of nerves showing clearly on the back; palea 1.4 mm long, similar in texture clasped by the
lemma. Stamens 3. Anthers 0.3 mm long. Stigmata 2. Caryopsis 1.2 mm long, flattened-oval.
Notes
Found in Africa, Western Asia, Arabia, China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia, Pasific, North and South America.
Distribution
North: Gorontalo; Sulawesi Utara, Bolaang Mongondow, Dumoga Bone National Park, Toraut Dam, Alt. 220 m, 0
34’ N 123 54’ E. Central: Donggala, c. 40
m. Habitat
Weed of cultivated soil, patches of primary forest trees and secondary vegetation in grassland after recent deforestation, alluvial flat near river, terrain level, open
grassland. Specimen examined
leg. ign. 23 BO; Vogel Vermeulen 6870 BO; Posthumus 2623 BO.
92.5. Urochloa subquadripara Trin. R.D. Webster. Austral. Paniceae 252. 1987.
