Arthraxon hispidus Thunb. Makino. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26307: 214. 1812.

Shade or open habitats, rainforest, wet places, moist pastures, rocky slopes, old cultivated fields. Key to the species 1.a. Sessile spikelets strongly scabrid to spinulose……...7.1. Arthraxon hispidus b. Sessile spikelets smooth to scaberulos …………..7.2. Arthraxon lancifolius

7.1. Arthraxon hispidus Thunb. Makino. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 26307: 214. 1812.

Phalaris hispida Thunb. Syst. Veg. ed.14: 104. 1784; Webbia 492: 265- 329. 1995. Arthraxon ciliaris P. Beauv. Ess. Agrostogr. : 111, pl. 11, f.6. 1812; Key Austral Grasses 1-150. 1990. Alectoridia quartiniana A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 448, pl. 102. 1851. Plants annual, mat forming. Culms 10-55 cm long, less than 1 mm diameter, ascending, rooting at the lower nodes. Nodes pubescent; internodes up to 6 cm long. Sheaths glabrous on surface, or pilose, with tubercle-based hairs. Ligule 1-4 mm long, a ciliolate membrane. Blades 2-10 cm by 5-30 mm, margins tuberculate-ciliate, apex acute, the surface glabrous, or pilose. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 2-5, 2-6 cm long, digitate. Rachis fragile at the nodes, hair less than 1 mm long, internodes filiform to linear 2-5 mm long. Spikelets in pairs: fertile spikelets sessile, 1 in cluster; companion sterile spikelets pedicelled, 1 in cluster. Pedicels linear, up to 2 mm long, glabrous or ciliate. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension, lanceolate, laterally compressed 4-9 mm long, falling entire; callus glabrous, or pubescent, base truncate, attached transversely. Glumes dissimilar. Lower glume as long as spikelet, lanceolate, chartaceous, much thinner on margins, without keels, 7-9-nerved, surface convex, spinose, rough on nerves, apex obtuse. Upper glume lanceolate, chartaceous, 1-keeled aboved, 3-5- nerved, primary nerve scaberulous, apex acute, or obtuse. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, without significant lemma. Lemma oblong, 0.6 times length of spikelet, hyaline, 2-nerved, obtuse. Fertile lemma oblong, 2-6 cm long, hyaline, without keel, 1-nerved, apex acute, muticuous. Principal lemma awn dorsal, arising back of lemma, geniculate, up to 20 mm long, with a straight or slightly twisted column. Palea absent or minute. Anthers 2, up to 1 mm long. Caryopsis fusiform, or oblong, 3-5 mm long. Notes Found in Africa, Asia, Indo-China, Malesia, Papuasia, Australasia, Pasific, North and South America. It is now a widespread weed, occurring in many warm- temperate and tropical parts of the world. Distribution at Sulawesi Central: Palu. Habitat Streamsides, moist places Specimen examined Bunnemeijer 11326 BO, 11330 BO, L; Kjellberg 3033 BO.

7.2. Arthraxon lancifolius Trin. Hochst. Flora 39: 188. 1856.