Cymbopogon tortilis J. Presl. A. Camus. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon.

North: Minahasa, Batu Angus. Habitat Grows well in sandy soils with adequate drainage, semideserts, savannah, in clearings, sunny warm and humid conditions. Specimen examined Alston 16001 BO.

22.2. Cymbopogon tortilis J. Presl. A. Camus. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon.

5:206. 1925. Anthistiria tortilis J. Presl. Reliq. Haenk. 14-5: 347. 1830. Cymbopogon totilis J. Presl. Hitchc. Lingnan Sci. J. 7: 246. 1929. Andropogon hamatulus Hook. Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. 244. 1838. Cymbopogon hamatulus Hook. Arn. A. Camus. Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 1: 284. 1921. Cymbopogon jinshaensis R.S. Chang C.H. Li. J. Pl. Res. Environm. 22: 39. 1993. Plants perennial, caespitose. Culms 70-100 cm long, erect. Nodes glabrous; internodes distally glabrous. Sheaths glabrous on surface. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Blades 25-60 cm by 4-5 mm, aromatic, the surface glabrous. Inflorescence: Synflorescence compound, scanty, or linear, 35 cm long. Inflorescence composed of racemes, terminal and axillary, subtended by a spatheole. Spatheole 1.4 cm long, elliptic. Racemes 2, paired, 1.3 cm long, deflexed. Rachis fragile at the nodes, semiterete, glabrous on surface, ciliate on margins, internodes linear. Raceme- bases flattened, unequal. Spikelets in pairs: fertile spikelets sessile, 1 in the cluster; companion sterile spikelets pedicelled, 1 in the cluster. Pedicels linear, semiterete, ciliate. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension, lanceolate, dorsally compressed, 4 mm long, falling entire, callus base obtuse, inserted. Sterile spikelets: basal sterile spikelets well-developed, 2 in number lower raceme, 0 in upper raceme, with normal internodes, sessile and pedicelled; pedicels free, linear; basal male, equalling fertile; lower glume muticuous. Companion sterile spikelets well-developed, male, 3 mm long, lanceolate, shorter than fertile, deciduous with the fertile; glumes chartaceous, 7-nerved, acute, muticuous; lemmas 2, enclosed by glumes. Glumes dissimilar, exceeding apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume as long as of spikelets, lanceolate, chartaceous, 2- keeled laterally, winged narrowly; intercarinal nerves distinct, 3-4 in number; surface flat. Upper glume lanceolate, 1-keeled above, apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, without significant palea; lemma hyaline. Fertile lemma lanceolate, hyaline, without keel; apex lobed, bifid, 1-awned; principal awn from a sinus, 8 mm long, geniculate, with twisted column. Palea absent or minute. Anthers 3. Notes Found in China, Eastern Asia, Indo-China, and Malesia. Useful for erosion control. Distribution at Sulawesi North: Gorontalo. Habitat Found in open areas, open fields. Specimen examined leg. ign. 14 BO.

22.3. Cymbopogon flexuosus Nees ex Steudel J.F. Watson. Himalayan Districts 1: