Habitat
In wet or swampy areas, lake shore.
Specimen examined
Bloembergen 4058 BO; Vuuren Noerkas 36 BO; Steup s.n. BO; Veearts 10, 35 BO; Eyma 312 BO; Meijer 9666 BO.
64. ORYZA L. Type: Oryza sativa L. Sp. Pl. 1: 333. 1753; Blumea 32: 174. 1987.
Padia Moritzi Syst. Verz. 1842—1844 103. 1845. This word is an ancient Greek name for rice.
About 25 species, from Europe, Africa, Asia, Pasifik, and America. Plants annual or perennial. Inflorescence a panicle with rather long slender usually drooping
branches. Spikelets shortly stalked, jointed to the top of the stalk which is more or less distinctly 2-lobed. Glumes narrow, and usually short. Floret one, with broad 5-nerved
laterally compressed lemma, often awned, which enfolds the sides of the palea. Palea as long as the lemma, 3-nerved, its median part stiff, with thinner edges, apex blunt to
shortly awned. Lodicules 2, membraneous. Anthers 6. Stigmas 2. Caryopsis with adherent pericarp.
64.1.1. Oryza minuta J. Presl var. sylvatica Camus Veldk. Blumea 371: 232.
1992. Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt., Blumea 371: 227-237. 1992.
Plant perennial, stoloniferous. Culms tufted, erect to semierect. Sheaths tight and inflated. Ligule a collar-shape. Nodes glabrous. Blades linear. Panicle whorled
at base. Fertile lemma awned.
Notes
Found in Australia, Borneo, India, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaysia, Moluccas, New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sumatera, Sulawesi and Vietnam.
Distribution at Sulawesi
South: Mamuju, Alt. 0 m.
Habitat Specimen examined
Claessens 974 BO.
Tribe 14. PANICEAE R. Br. Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 582. 1814. Type: Panicum L.
Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753. Boivinelleae A. Camus. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 31: 393. 1925.
Cyphochlaeneae Bosser. Adansonia 5: 413. 1965. Digitarieae J.J. Schmitz Regel. Fl. Bonn. 23, 28. 1841.
Lecomtelleae Pilg. Ex Potztal. Willdenowia 1: 771. 1957. Melinideaea Hitch. U.S.D.A. Bull. 772: 18. 1920.
Neurachneae S.T. Blake. Contr. Queensland Herb. 13: 3. 1972. Paspaleae J. Presl. Reliq. Haenk. 14-5: 208. 1830.
Spinificeae Dumort. Anal. Fam. Pl. 64. 1829. Trachideae Pilg. ex Potztal. Willdenowia 15: 771. 1957.
Plants annual, or perennial. Blades usually linear or lanceolate. Ligule membraneous, a line of hairs, or a short membrane with ciliate fringe rarely absent in
some Echinochloa. Inflorescence variable, an open to spikelike panicle, or composed of unilateral racemes, these digitate or spread along a central axis. Spikelets single,
paired or clustered, sometimes supported by spines or bristles. Spikelets all alike sexes separated in Spinifex and Thuarea, florets 2, without rachilla extension, lower
floret staminate or barren, upper floret bisexual, spikelets dorsally or infrequently slightly laterally compressed, falling entire, usually awnless. Glumes membraneous or
herbaceous; lower glume usually shorter than the spikelet and sometimes very small or rudimentary; upper glume often as long as the spikelet; lower lemma usually as long as
the spikelet and resembling the upper glume, with or without a palea; upper floret commonly indurated, tightly enclosing the caryopsis, lemma margins narrow and
inrolled or broad and hyaline. Caryopsis with a large embryo 0.3 – 0.5 its length, hylum punctiform rarely linear in Acroceras, Oplismenus, and some Panicum.
Key to the Genera
1.a. Plants dioceous; female inflorescence a large globose spiny head …………...
…………………………………………………………………...86. Spinifex
b. Plants bisexual; female inflorescence without spiny head …………………..2
2.a. Spikelets of 2 kinds, the upper staminate portion of the raceme folding over 1-2
bisexual spikelets …………………………………………...90. Thuarea
b. Spikelets all alike ……………………………………………………………3 3.a. Spikelets subtended by bristles or a spiny involucres, or racemes rachis
prolonged into a bristle or short point beyond the uppermost spikelet ………4 b. Spikelets not subtended by bristles, or raceme rachis terminating in a spikelet
………………………………………………………………………………..8
4.a. Inflorescence of racemes, only the uppermost spikelet of each raceme subtended by a bristles, or short point often inconspicuous ………………..5
b. Inflorescence paniculate, often spikelike, all or many of the spikelets subtended by a spiny involucre ………………………………………………7
5.a. Racemes ending in a long bristles; upper glume acuminate-aristate…………. ……………………………………………………………..76. Pseudoraphis
b. Racemes ending in an inconspicuous point; upper glume not awned ……….6 6.a. Racemes very short, sunk in pockets on the broad, or thick inflorescence axis;
upper lemma smooth ……………………………………..88. Stenotaphrum
b. Racemes not sunk in pockets; inflorescence axis slender; upper glume rugose or
granulate ……………………………………………………….84. Setaria 7.a. Involucral bristles slender, free to the base …………………68. Pennisetum
b. Involucral bristles and spines flattened and conate below …….15. Cenchrus
8.a. Inflorescence an open, contracted, or spikelike panicle; pedicels usually slender and distinct …………………………………………………………..9
b. Inflorescence of unilateral racemes; spikelets usually single or paired; pedicels often very short, at least for one spikelet of a pair ………………...17
9.a. Spikelets laterally compressed ……………………………………………...10 b. Spikelets dorsally compressed ……………………………………………...12
10.a. Glumes keeled; upper floret with wings or scars at the base ……………...….. ………………………………………………………………..48. Ichnanthus
b. Glumes not keeled; upper floret without basal wings or scars ……………..11 11.a. Lower lemma entire, awnless; upper lemma gibbously semiorbicular with a little
crest near the apex …………………………………...24. Cyrtococcum
b. Lower lemma bilobed, or shortly awned; upper lemma elliptic, not crested
……………………………………………………….…………...57. Mellinis
12.a. Panicle spikelike ……………………………………………………………13 b. Panicle open; the spikelets evenly spaces or appressed along the primary
branches …………………………………………………………………….14
13.a. Upper glume gibbous; culms hollow ………………………...80. Sacciolepis b. Upper glume not gibbous; culms solid ……………………46. Hymenachne
14.a. Upper glume as long as , or only slightly shorter than spikelet ……………15 b. Upper glume less than 0.7 times length of spikelet ………………………..16
15.a. Margins of upper palea free toward apex; trailing semi-aquatic perennial
……………………………………………………………...46. Hymenachne
b. Margins of upper palea clasped by upper lemma along whole length
…………………………………………………………………..66. Panicum
16.a. Upper glume 0.5-0.7 times spikelets length, 3-5-nerved; spikelets on short
appressed secondary racemelets ………………………………65. Ottochloa
b. Upper glume very small, usually nerveless; spikelets on long capillary pedicels
……………………………...………………………….29. Digitaria
17.a. Apex of upper lemma awned, crested or with a tuft of setae ………………18 b. Apex of the upper lemma awned, not crested ………………………………19
18.a. Upper lemma awned; upper glume ciliate on the margins …...3. Alloteropsis
b. Upper lemma apex crested, or with a tuft of setae; upper glume glabrous, apex of
upper lemma with a little crest ………………………...1. Acroceras
19.a. Spikelets laterally compressed or glumes awned; blades lanceolate to ovate; trailing forest grasses ……………………………………………………….20
b. Spikelets dorsally compressed; lower glumes awnless …….........................22 20.a. Glumes not awned; upper glume armed with hooked bristles at maturity ........
………………………………………………………...75. Pseudechinolaena b. Glumes awned, the awn often sticky ………………………..63. Oplismenus
21.a. Spikelets densely packed in 4 rows or congested into clusters; apex of upper
palea reflexed ………………………………...……………..31. Echinochloa
b. Spikelets mostly in 1 or 2 rows; apex of upper palea not reflexed
………………………………………………………………...…………….23 22.a. Spikelets supported on a basal globular beadlike swelling; lower glume vestigial
………………………………………………………..39. Eriochloa b. Spikelets without a basal beadlike swelling …………………...92. Urochloa
23.a. Back of the upper lemma lying against rachis; spikelets strongly plano-convex,
often orbicular ………………………………………..67. Paspalum
b. Back of the upper lemma facing away from rachis; spikelets thinly biconvex,
oblong elliptic …………………………………….…………...10. Axonopus
Genus description and key to the species 1. ACROCERAS
Stapf. Type: Acroceras oryzoides Stapf. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 621-
622, 627. 1920. Commelinidium Stapf. Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 627. 1920. – Type: Commelinidium
gabunense Hack. Stapf. Neohusnotia A. Camus. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 26: 664. 1921. – Type:
Neohusnotia tonkinensis Balansa A. Camus.
From the greek akros “the summit, terminal, extremity” and keras “horn”, referring to the terminal glume or to the thickened crested lemmas.
Plants perennial, slender, branched, coarse, tufted, rhizomatous or stoloniferous, usually with long prostrate base, trailing, sprawling, creeping or decumbent-based
culms, leaning, often rooting at the lower nodes. Culms leafy. Auricles absent. Ligule membraneous. Leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate. Plants bisexual, inflorescence
paniculate, loose racemes, bisexual paired spikelet, 2-floret, lower floret sterile or male, upper floret bisexual or perfect. Glumes dissimilar, keeled with apex crested.
Upper glume and lower lemma thickened and flattened, green crest at the tip of the upper lemma. Lodicules 2, fleshy and free. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous. Stigmas 2.
Shade and open habitats, near running fresh water, understorey, damp places, shallow water, marshly ground, forests, stream and lake margins.
1.1. Acroceras munroanum Balansa Henrard. Blumea 33: 444-445. 1940.
