oblong, 4-6 mm long, membraneous, without keel, 3-nerved; margin ciliate, apex lobed, bifid, incised 0.5 of lemma length, 1-awned; pricipal awn from a sinus, 5-20
mm long, geniculate, with twisted column. Palea as long as lemma.
Notes
Found in West Africa, China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Pasific.
Distribution at Sulawesi
Central: Mt. Nokilalaki, near kp. Paku by Lindu Lake, Alt. 970 m, 1 13’ S 120
08’ E. South: Masamba Luwu, Alt. 1900 m. Habitat
Marshy grasslands along lake.
Specimen examined
Meijer 9647 BO, Eyma 1312 BO.
51.7. Ischaemum muticum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 1049. 1753.
Andropogon polymorphus Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854; Grass. Burma, Ceylon, India Pakistan, i-xviii, 1-767. 1960.
Andropogon relictus J. Presl. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 377. 1854. Andropogon repens Roxb. Steud. Syn. Pl. 1: 374. 1854.
Ischaemum glabratum J. Presl. Reliq. Haenk. 14-5: 328. 1830.
Plants perennial, mat forming, stoloniferous. Culms 45 – 130 cm long, thick 1 – 3 mm long, branched. Nodes glabrous; internodes glabrous. Sheaths c. 15 cm long,
overlapping on some shoots, ciliate along outer margin, otherwise glabrous or adpressed-hairy. Ligule c. 5 mm long, continuous with the auricle, membraneous,
glabrous or hairy on abaxial side, tip entire. Blades c. 10 cm long by 10 mm long, glabrous, the longer one acuminate, the shorter acute, all abruptly narrowed into a
short auricled petiole from a cordate base, the margins scabrid. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Racemes 2, paired, 2-5 cm long, appressed back to back.
Rachis fragile at the nodes, angular, ciliate on margins; internodes columnar, 5 mm long. Spikelets in pairs: fertile spikelets sessile, 1 in the cluster; companion sterile
spikelets pedicelled, 1 in the cluster. Pedicels columnar, 5 mm long, ciliate. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rachilla extension;
ovate, 5-8 mm long, dorsally compressed, acute, falling entire; callus glabrous, base truncate, inserted. Sterile spikelets: companion sterile spikelets well-developed,
containing empty lemmas, or male; ovate, 6-6.5 mm long, as long as fertile,separately
deciduous; glumes chartaceous, keeled, winged on keels, acute, or acuminate, muticuous; lemmas 2, enclosed by glumes, muticuous. Glumes dissimilar, exceeding
apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate, as long as spikelet, coriaceous, pallid; 2-keeled above, laterally, narrowly winged above, 6-8-nerved;
surface convex. Upper glume lanceolate, coriaceous; 1-keeled, above, winged, 3-5- nerved; margins ciliate, apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets male, with palea;
lemma ovate, 5.8 mm long, 0.9 times length of spikelet, membraneous, 3-nerved, ciliate on margins, acute. Fertile lemma ovate, 5.4 mm long, membraneous, no keel,
3-nerved; margins ciliate, apex lobed, bifid, muticuous, or mucronate, 1-awned; principal awn from a sinus, 2-3 mm long. Palea as long as lemma. Anthers 3, 2.4 mm
long.
Notes
Found in Eastern Asia, India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Australia.
Distribution
North: Manado; Talaud, Karakelang, Beo, Alt. 80 m and 5 m; Sangir Island. Central: Banggai; Pasang Kaju. South: Pare-pare; Makasar; Mamasa, KBT. Polewali;
West of Malili. Southeast: P. Boeton, Pasar Wadjo. Habitat
Volcanic sand, grassland seasonally flooded.
Specimen examined Koorders
17262 β, 17256 β BO; Vuuren Rahmad 181, 348 BO; Vuuren
Noerkas 29 BO; Eyma 3941 BO; Yoshida 1215 BO; Hennipman 5030 BO; Kjellberg 268 BO; Lam 2526, 2483 BO; Leehmans 119 BO; Leeuwenberg 14545
L, BO. 51.8.
Ischaemum rugosum Salisb. Icon. Stirp. Rar. 1, pl. 1. 1791.
Andropogon griffithsiae Nees ex Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 375. 1854. Andropogon segetum Trin. Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 376. 1854.
Colladoa distachia Cav. Icon. 5: 37, t. 460. 1799. Meoschium arnottianum Nees. Gramineae 66-67. 1841.
Plants annual. Culms up to 100 cm long, erect, or decumbent, often branching at the lower nodes. Sheaths usually loose, up to 16 cm long, glabrous, or hairy, bulbous-
based hairs on the margin and at the base at the node. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Blades 4-30 cm by 4-15 mm, margin cartilaginous, base densely hairy, apex
acuminate, the surface more or less hairy with scattered, erect, bulbous-based hairs. Inflorescence composed of racemes, terminal and axillary. Racemes 2, paired, 3-12
cm long, appressed back to back. Rachis fragile at the nodes, angular, ciliate on margins; internodes cuneate. Spikelets in pairs: fertile spikelets sessile, 1 in the
cluster; companion sterile spikelets pedicelled, 1 in the cluster. Pedicells cuneate, ciliate. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without
rachilla extension; ovate, 4-6 mm long, dorsally compressed, falling entire; callus base obtuse, inserted. Sterile spikelets: companion sterile spikelets well-developed, or
rudimentary, containing empty lemmas, or male, 2-6 mm long, shorter than fertile, or as long as fertile, persistent, or separately deciduous; glumes chartaceous, muticuous;
lemmas 2, enclosed by glumes, muticuous. Glumes dissimilar, exceeding apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma; ovate, as long as spikelet, coriaceous, much thinner
above; 2-keeled, all along, laterally; surface convex, rugose, rough below. Upper glume lanceolate, chartaceous, 1-keeled. Florets: basal sterile florets male, with palea;
lemma lanceolate, as long as spikelet, membraneous. Fertile lemma oblong, membraneous, no keel; apex lobed, bifid, 1-awnws; principal awn from a sinus, 15-20
mm long, geniculate, with twisted glabrous column; palea as long as lemma.
Notes
Found in West tropical Africa, China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia,
Mexico, and Brazil. When young it provides a nutritious fodder. Distribution at Sulawesi
Central: Soroako.
Habitat
Fallow ricefields, the ground that is not too dry.
Specimen examined
Joncheere 1702 BO; Balgooy 3952A BO.
51.9. Ischaemum timorense Kunth. Revis. Gramin. 1: 369, pl. 98. 1830.
