Celebes
Specimen examined
Kurniawan 77 WALL.
45. HETEROPOGON Pers. Type: Heteropogon glaber Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 533.
1807. Spirotheros Raf. N. Amer. Fl. 17: 127. 1912; Bull. Bot. Geneve 1:221. 1830;
Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46:248-249. 2003. From the Greek heteros “different”, and pogon “beard”, referring to the
difference between awned and awnless spikelets. About 13 species, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Pasific, and America.
Plants annual, or perennial. Culms erect, robust, or slender. Culm-nodes constricted. Ligule an eciliate membrane, or a fringe of hairs. Blades stiff, or firm. Inflorescence
arising on slender stems from the upper sheaths; a raceme, lower part of the rachis not jointed, upper part jointed. Spikelets in pairs, those on the lower part of the rachis
alike and male, on the upper part unlike, the sessile one of each pair female, or hermaphrodite, the stalked one male, male spikelets all with broad flat glumes,
awnless, female spikelets all narrow and cylindric, hairy with very long awns which become tangled together; rachis-internode when disarticulated having a sharp oblique
base extending below the sessile spikelet. Glumes exceeding apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma. Basal sterile florets barren, no significant palea. Anthers 3.
Stigmas 2.
Key to the species
1.a. Culms 25-95 cm long; ligule a fimbriate membrane, 1-2 mm long; blades 16 cm by 5 mm, apex acuminate ; peduncle antrorsely scabrous above ................
.............................................................................45.1 Heteropogon contortus
b. Culms 100-160 cm long; ligule an eciliate membrane; blades 20-80 cm by 3-10
mm, apex attenuate; peduncle smooth ............45.2. Heteropogon triticeus 45.1.
Heteropogon contortus L. P. Beauv. ex Roem. Schult. Syst. Veg. 2: 836.
1817. Andropogon allionii Lam. ex DC., Fl. Franc. ed.3 3: 97. 1805.
Andropogon besukiensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854. Andropogon contortus L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1045. 1753.
Heteropogon roxburghii Nees, Syn. Pl. 2: 533. 1807.
Plants perenial, erect, caespitose. Culms 25-95 cm long, thick 1- 2 mm long, not hollow, slender, branching intravaginal. Nodes glabrous; internodes up to 11.5 cm,
glabrous. Sheaths 6 cm long, glabrous or scattered bulbous-based hairs, with scatered thin whitish layer, persistent. Ligule a fimbriate membrane, 1 – 2 mm long. Blades c.
16 cm long by 5 mm long, margin sligtly serulate, base rounded to sligthly cordate, apex acuminate, the surface slightly scabrous on both side. Inflorescence composed of
racemes. Peduncle antrorsely scabrous above. Racemes 1, erect, 3-10 cm long. Rachis fragile at the nodes, glabrous on margins, internodes linear, tip oblique.
Spikelets appressed, in pairs: fertile spikelets sessile, in in cluster; companion sterile spikelets pedicelled, 1 in the cluster; pedicels oblong, semiterete. Sterile spikelets
well-developed, male, lanceolate, dorsally compressed, 5-15 mm long, longer than fertile, separately deciduous; callus linear, 2-3 mm long; glumes chartaceous,
eglandular, winged on margins, distinctly nerved; lemmas 2, enclosed by glumes. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, no rhachilla
extension, linear, subterete, 5-10 mm long, falling entire; callus linear, 2-3 mm long, bearded. Glumes dissimilar, with lower wider than upper, exceeding apex of florets.
Lower glume linear, as long as spikelet, coriaceous, no keels, 9-nerved, apex acute. Upper glume linear, coriaceous, no keels, muticuous. Florets: basal sterile floret
barren, without significant palea; lemma linear, as long as fertile, hyaline, 2-nerved; fertile lemma linear, 3-5 mm long, membraneous, 1-nerved, apex entire, 1-awned;
principal lemma awn apical, geniculate, 50-80 mm long, with twisted column. Anthers 3, 2.5 mm long. Stigmas 2.
Notes
Found in Central Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, Arabia, China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia, Pasific, Mexico, and Brazil.
Distribution
North: Gorontalo, Alt. 100 m; Pangaelo. Central: Toboli Parigi, Alt. 600 m; Sibalaja, Alt. 20 m; 15 km South of Palu, Alt. 100 m; Northern central part, near Palu,
28 km to NE, 0 53’ S 119
53’ E; 0 30’ – 1
30 S 119
30’ – 120 30’ E; 0
30’ – 1 30
S 119 30’ – 120
30’ E; Mt. Gawalise, Alt. 200 m; Natabaru, Alt. 225 m. South: Bonthain, Alt. 0 m; Sidenreng-Rapang, Alt. 20 m; Marada, kp. Amasing Kahoe-
Bone, en DaoeE Liboerang-Bone. Southeast: Baoe-Baoe, Buton, Alt. 50 m. Habitat
Sand, granit, patches along road, dry eroded fields, bare.
Specimen examined
Harreveld s.n. BO; leg. ign. 35, 47 BO; Kjellberg 3096 BO; Eyma 381 BO; Joncheere 1004 BO; Meijer 9218 BO; Balgooy 2952 BO; leg. ign. 11
BO; Steup 125 BO; Kjellberg 3721, 115 BO; Papa 295 WALL; Lasut 944 BO. 45.2.
Heteropogon triticeus R.Br. Stapf ex Craib. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew
191210: 432. 1912. Andropogon segaenensis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 367. 1854.
Andropogon triticeus R. Br., Prodr. 201. 1810. Heteropogon insignis Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 437. 1864; Grass. Burma,
Ceylon, India Pakistan, i-xvii, 1-767. Heteropogon ischyranthus Steud Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 493. 1857.
Heteropogon lianatherus Steud. Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 3: 493. 1857. Sorghum triticeum R. Br. Kuntze, Prodr. 201. 1810.
Plants perennial, caespitose. Culms 100-160 cm long, erect. Nodes constricted, internodes solid. Sheaths keeled. Ligule 1 mm long, an eciliate membrane. Blades
20-80 cm by 3-10 mm, margins ciliate, hairy at base, apex attenuate, the surface ribbed, scaberulous. Inflorescence composed of racemes. Peduncle smooth. Racemes
single, 9-14 cm long, erect, bearing 5-8 fertile spikelets on each. Rachis fragile at the nodes, glabrous on margins; internodes 0.8 mm long, cuneate. Spikelets appressed, in
pairs. Fertile spikelets sessile, 2 in the cluster. Companion sterile spikelets pedicelled, 1 in the cluster. Pedicels 0.5-1 mm long, 0.1 times length of fertile spikelet, smooth.
Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets, without rhachilla extension; linear, 13-15 mm long, subterete, falling entire; callus linear, 4-6 mm long,
bearded, base pungent, attached obliquely. Sterile spikelets: basal sterile spikelets well-developed, 16-40 in number, subsessile and pedicelled, larger than fertile; glumes
coriaceous, scabrous on margins, lower glume muticuous. Companion sterile spikelets well-developed, male, elliptic, asymmetrical, dorsally compressed, 21-25 mm long,
longer than fertile, separately deciduous; callus linear, 2-3 mm long; glumes herbaceous, or coriaceous, eglandular, winged on margins, distinctly nerved, smooth,
or tuberculate, acute, muticuous; lemmas 2, enclosed by glumes. Glumes dissimilar, with lower wider than upper, exceeding apex of florets, firmer than fertile lemma.
Lower glume linear, as long as spikelets, coriaceous, without keels, 9-nerved; surface grooved on either side of midnerve, puberulous, or pubescent; apex obtuse. Upper
glume linear, symmetrical, coriaceous, with membraneous margins, without keels, winged on margins, 3-nerved; surface puberulous, or pubescent; muticuous. Anthers
3. Stigmas 2.
Notes
Found in China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, and Australia.
Distribution
South: Pare-pare, Alt. 30 m
Habitat
Opened places.
Specimen examined Steup
s.n. BO, Wit 1 BO.
47. HYPARRHENIA Andersson ex E. Fourn. Type: Hyparrhenia foliosa Kunth
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