Hymenachne aurita J. Pressl ex Nees Backer. J. Bot. Morot 4: 144. 1890; Blumea 41: 181-216. 1996.
Hymenachne polymorpha Balansa. J. Bot. Morot 4: 143. 1890. Panicum javanum Nees ex Buse. Pl. Jungh. 3: 376. 1854; Grass. Burma,
Ceylon, India Pakistan i-xviii, 1-767. 1960.
Plants perenial, single, erect , or with short rhizomes. Culms 75 – 130 cm long, 4 mm thick, hollow. Nodes glabrous; internodes up to 23 cm, glabrous. Sheaths 12 cm
long, glabrous except for some bulbous-based hairs in the mouth. Ligule a small rim scarcely, chartaceus, 1 mm long, with some scattered stiff hairs in the throat. Blades
37 cm by 1.2 cm, margin slightly serrulate, base cordate, apex acuminate, the surface glabrous on both side. Inflorescence 38 cm long, a panicle, primary branches
ascending, secondary branches numerous, angular, scabrid and crowded. Spikelets crowded, green or purple, 2 mm long, on terete stalks, narrow, acute. Glumes similar,
reaching apex of florets. Lower glume clasping, acute, 3-nerved, hyaline, 1.1 mm long. Upper glume 5-nerved, boat-shaped, acute, 2.3 mm long. Florets: lower floret
neuter; lemma hyaline, 5-nerved, boat-shaped, acute, 2.4 mm long; palea 2-nerved, 1.4 mm long, with stiff scaberulae on the back of the nerves, or absent; upper floret
hermaphrodite; lemma 5-nerved, whitish-hyaline, boat-shape, 2.1 mm long, pointed, with a few minute teeth at the tip; palea similar in texture, 2-nerved, minutely
scaberulous on the back, 2 mm long. Stamens 2, purplish. Anthers 2, 1 mm long. Stigmata purple.
Notes
Found in China, India, Indo-China, and Malesia. The secondary branches are all on one side of the flat primary branches, which give small inflorescences a
resemblance to Urochloa. Distribution at Sulawesi
North: Talaud, Salibabu, Alt. 250 m; Wawajo. South: Sengkang. Southeast: Kendari.
Habitat
Opened area.
Specimen examined
Kjellberg 3110, 1184 BO; Lam 3161 BO; Andel s.n. BO; Noerkas 146 BO.
66.2. Panicum bisulcatum Thunb. Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. 7: 141. 1815.
Panicum acroanthum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 87. 1854; Blumea 41: 181- 216. 1996.
Plants annual, rooting from lower nodes. Culms 30-50 cm long, decumbent, lateral branches ample. Nodes glabrous. Sheaths glabrous on surface, outer margin
hairy. Ligule 0.5-0.7 mm long, a ciliolate membrane. Blades 2-15 cm by 4-13 mm, midrib prominent, apex acute, or acuminate; surface smooth, or scaberulous.
Inflorescence a panicle. Panicle open, 10-20 cm long, ovate, with spikelet clustered towards branch tips; primary branches sprerading, 1-2-nate, profusely pedicelled.
Panicle branches capillary. Spikelets solitary: fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels 0.4-3 mm long. Fertile spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets, 1 fertile florets,
without rachilla extension; lanceolate, dorsally compressed, acute, 2.4-3 mm long, falling entire. Glumes reaching apex of florets, thinner than fertile lemma. Lower
glume ovate, 0.5 times length of spikelet, membraneous, no keels, 3-5-nerved; apex acute. Upper glume elliptic, as long as spikelet, membraneous, no keeled, 5-nerved;
apex acute. Florets: basal sterile florets barren, no significant palea; lemma similar to upper glume, elliptic, as long as spikelet, membraneous, 3-5-nerved, smooth, or
scaberulous, acute. Fertile lemma elliptic, 2 mm long, dorsally compressed, indurate, no keel; lemma surface striate; margin involute; apex obtuse, or acute; palea involute,
indurate. Anthers 3. Caryopsis with adherent pericarp.
Notes
Found in China, India, Japan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Australia, and United States.
Distribution at Sulawesi Celebes.
Habitat Specimen examined
Papa 286 WALL.
66.3. Panicum luzonense J. C. Presl. Reliq. Haenk. 14-5: 308. 1830.
Panicum caesium Ness ex Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 721: 48. 1897. Panicum cambogiense Balansa, J. Bot. Morot47: 142. 1890.
Panicum cruciabile Chase, J. Arnold Arbor 20: 309. 1939.
Plants annual, caespitose. Culms 60 cm long, erect, or decumbent, and rooting at the base. Nodes glabrous, internodes hollow. Sheaths c. 7 cm long, terete, striate,
covered with tubercle-based hairs. Ligule 1.5 mm long, a fringe of hairs. Blades 20 cm long by 10 mm, linear, tubercle-based hairs on both faces, the margins smooth.
Inflorescence c. 10 cm long, on a stout peduncle usually well-exserted, with tubercle hairs especially below the panicle. Spikelets 2.2 mm long, numerous. Glumes almost
similar. Lower glumes 1.2 mm long, broad, blunt, 5-nerved, nerves anastomosing, clasping the base of the spikelet. Lower glume 9-nerved, nerves anastomosing towards
the tip, boat-shape, acute. Florets: lower floret neuter; lemma 2 mm long, boat- shaped, 7-nerved; palea 1.8 mm long, ovate, transparent, thin, 2-nerved; upper floret
hermaphrodite; lemma 1.3 mm long, boat-shaped, indurated, 7-nerves, the nerves anastomosing, the tip rounded; palea 1.2 mm long, similarly textured. Stamens 3.
Anthers 1 mm long. Stigmata 2. Caryopsis 1.5 mm long, enclosed within the hardened lemma and palea.
Notes
Found in China, Eastern Asia, Burma, India, Malesia, and Australia. Distribution at Sulawesi
South: Kawata, West of Matano Lake, Alt. 150 m; Pompanoea. Southeast: Kendari.
Habitat
Sunny or moderately shaded road-sides, swamp.
Specimen examined
Kjellberg 3011, 3112, 347 BO; Vuuren Noerkas 66 BO.
66.4. Panicum notatum Retz. Observ. Bot. 4: 18. 1786.
