dissimilar. Lower glume absent. Upper glume elliptic, 3.2 mm long, 5-nerved, hairy on the back, no keels; apex acute, muticous, surface pubescent. Florets: basal sterile
florets barren, without significant palea; lemma similar to upper glume, 0.9 times length of spikelet, 5-nerved, pubescent. Fertile lemma elliptic, 2 mm long, indurate,
no keel; lemma margins involute, apex obtuse, mucronate; principal lemma awn 0.5 mm long. Palea involute, indurate. Stamens 3. Anthers 3, yellow, 1 mm long.
Stigmata purplish.
Notes
Found in Mesoamericana, Caribbean, Northern South America, and Brazil.
Distribution at Sulawesi
South: Bonthain; Pare-Pare, Alt. 0 m.
Habitat Specimen examined
Kjellberg 3071, 3039 BO.
46. HYMENACHNE P. Beauv. Type: Hymenachne monostachya Poir. P. Beauv.
Ess. Agrostogr. 48. 1812; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 170. 1925. Panicum sect. Hymenachnae P. Beauv. Hack. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 22: 35.
1887; Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 252-253. 2003.
From the Greek hymen “a membrane”, and achne “chaff”, referring to the membraneous glumes, lemmas, and paleas.
About 5 species, tropical, Australia, Indo-China, Malesia, Caribbean, Venezuela, Suriname, Amazon, Brazilian. Plants perennial, of aquatic sites, creeping and rooting
at the base. Culms decumbent, robust, spongy, or firm. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Blades linear, or lanceolate, stiff, or firm, margins unthickened. Inflorescence a very
strict or spike-like panicle. Spikelets short pedicelled, crowded, lanceolate, gaping at the apex. Glumes not gibbous; the lower cuspidate, keeled; the upper sheathing,
cuspidate. Lower floret neuter; upper floret hermaphrodite; lemmas and paleas membraneous. Lodicules 2, free, fleshy, glabrous. Stamens 3. Ovary glabrous.
Stigmas 2. 46.1.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis Rudge Nees. Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 21: 276.
1829. Agrostis monostachya Poir. Encycl. 1: 256. 1810.
Hymenachne acutigluma Steud. Gilliland. Gard. Bull. Singapore 204: 314. 1964.
Hymenachne gouinii E. Fourn. Mexic. Pl. 2: 36. 1886. Hymenachne monostachya Poir. P. Beauv. Ess. Agrostogr. 99. 1812; Contr.
U.S. Natl. Herb. 46: 252-253. 2003. Hymenachne myosurus Rich. Nees. Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 21: 276. 1829.
Panicum acutiglumum Steud. Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 66. 1853.
Plants perennial, erect on a shallow water, floating on a deep water, rooting from many nodes. Culms 55 cm long, thick 5 mm long, hollow, not branching, short stilt-
root up to 2 cm long. Nodes glabrous; internodes up to 8 cm long, glabrous. Sheaths 7 cm long, more or less longer than the internodes, persistent. Ligule 1 mm long,
membraneus. Blades 18 cm by 0.6 cm, margin integer, ampexicaul at the base, apex acuminate, the surface glabrous on both side. Inflorescence 12 cm long by 10 mm
long, a terminal elongated spike-like panicle, very dense, distinctly branched only in lower half; branches erect, appressed to main axis. Spikelets narrow, acute, glabrous,
3 – 5 mm long. Glumes dissimilar. Lower glume 1 mm long, 1-nerved. Upper glume oblong, acuminate, hyaline, 3 – 5-nerved. Florets: lower floret neuter, lemma similar
to the upper glume, 5-nerved hyaline, scaberulous on the back of the nerves, palea absent; upper floret hermaphrodite, lemma ovate-acute, hyaline, obscurely 2-nerved,
embracing the palea except at the tip, palea hyaline, 2-nerved, with 2 minute points. Stamens 3. Anthers purple, 1 mm long. Stigmata white.
Notes
Found in West Africa, China, India, Indo-China, Malesia, Australia, Mexico, and Brazil.
Distribution
North: Manado; Gorontalo; Talaud, Salibaboe, bij Moronge. Central: Celebes, Tempe meer, Wadjo. South: Sengkang.
Habitat
Sunny, very swampy ground, pools, marsh, in and along ditches.
Specimen examined Kjellberg 1184 BO, leg. ign. 22 BO, Vaas s.n. BO, Lam 3222 BO; Noerkas 146
BO.
48. ICHNANTHUS P. Beauv. Type: Ichnanthus panicoides P. Beauv. Ess.
